Mathematical Physics

Previous months:
2007 - 0703(2)
2008 - 0812(1)
2009 - 0907(1) - 0908(3) - 0909(1) - 0910(2)
2010 - 1001(3) - 1002(1) - 1003(1) - 1006(13) - 1007(2) - 1009(2) - 1010(3) - 1011(1) - 1012(5)
2011 - 1101(4) - 1102(4) - 1103(3) - 1104(1) - 1105(3) - 1106(2) - 1107(2) - 1108(4) - 1109(2) - 1110(1) - 1111(10) - 1112(1)
2012 - 1201(3) - 1202(2) - 1203(6) - 1204(3) - 1205(5) - 1206(8) - 1207(4) - 1208(4) - 1209(2) - 1210(2) - 1211(4) - 1212(7)
2013 - 1301(8) - 1302(7) - 1303(7) - 1304(5) - 1305(27) - 1306(5) - 1307(8) - 1308(7) - 1309(6) - 1310(9) - 1311(12) - 1312(2)
2014 - 1401(10) - 1402(8) - 1403(16) - 1404(11) - 1405(8) - 1406(6) - 1407(4) - 1408(8) - 1409(7) - 1410(6) - 1411(7) - 1412(8)
2015 - 1501(10) - 1502(10) - 1503(7) - 1504(10) - 1505(11) - 1506(9) - 1507(6) - 1508(9) - 1509(4) - 1510(18) - 1511(9) - 1512(8)
2016 - 1601(5) - 1602(8) - 1603(7) - 1604(4) - 1605(11) - 1606(10) - 1607(4) - 1608(13) - 1609(16) - 1610(17) - 1611(6) - 1612(22)
2017 - 1701(8) - 1702(8) - 1703(5) - 1704(10) - 1705(17) - 1706(7) - 1707(14) - 1708(14) - 1709(6) - 1710(15) - 1711(11) - 1712(7)
2018 - 1801(16) - 1802(19) - 1803(7) - 1804(10) - 1805(6) - 1806(8) - 1807(6) - 1808(14) - 1809(11) - 1810(13) - 1811(7) - 1812(3)
2019 - 1901(10) - 1902(8) - 1903(5) - 1904(11) - 1905(5) - 1906(10) - 1907(6) - 1908(9) - 1909(10) - 1910(10) - 1911(19) - 1912(22)
2020 - 2001(19) - 2002(33) - 2003(36) - 2004(20) - 2005(4) - 2006(12) - 2007(7) - 2008(9) - 2009(5) - 2010(12) - 2011(9) - 2012(8)
2021 - 2101(18) - 2102(13) - 2103(40) - 2104(13) - 2105(11) - 2106(7) - 2107(10) - 2108(11) - 2109(9) - 2110(11) - 2111(10) - 2112(11)
2022 - 2201(22) - 2202(10) - 2203(10) - 2204(7) - 2205(9) - 2206(7) - 2207(12) - 2208(5) - 2209(8) - 2210(13) - 2211(8) - 2212(19)
2023 - 2301(7) - 2302(4) - 2303(3) - 2304(21) - 2305(7) - 2306(8) - 2307(5) - 2308(5) - 2309(8) - 2310(7) - 2311(5) - 2312(6)
2024 - 2401(9) - 2402(5) - 2403(3)

Recent submissions

Any replacements are listed farther down

[1481] viXra:2403.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2024-03-17 16:59:13

Integrability of Continuous Functions And Dynamical Systems

Authors: Hans Detlef Hüttenbach
Comments: 32 Pages.

This paper consists of three parts: Starting with the field $mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers,the Banach space $mathcal{C}(V)$ of continuous, $mathbb{C}$-valued functions on a simply connected compact region $Vsubsetmathbb{C}$ is shown to decompose the topological direct sum of two complementary subspaces: a subspace of integrable and therefore analytic functions,and a subspace of un-integrable and anti-analytic functions. Introducing orientation as a central notion, orientation inversion (parity) turns out to be the complex conjugation, which maps integrable (w.r.t. positive orientation) to un-integrable functions, which are integrable w.r.t. negative orientation, and vice versa. Orientation allows the extension of complex analyticity to $mathbb{R}^2$, which ends part 1. Part 2 is devoted to the extension of analyticity to multi-dimensions.These results are then applied in part three to continuous mechanical dynamical systems, where it is shown that Hamilton-Jacoby theory yields the unrestricted integrability of any continuous, mechanical dynamical system of either parity and represents their solutions as geodesics of (integrated) action functions of positive/negative parity, i.e.: as fermionic and bosonic solutions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1480] viXra:2403.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2024-03-15 19:09:19

Sommerfeld Functional Equation

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 6 Pages.

We derive the well-known Sommerfeld expansion of the Fermi-Dirac integral, and then deduce a functional equation for the chemical potential which we denote here by h(y) where y is the absolute temperature in energy units.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1479] viXra:2403.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2024-03-12 14:50:53

On the Interpretation of Metric Signature of Temporal Dimensions

Authors: Thomas Emilio Villa
Comments: 3 Pages.

Is time a spectrum, that is, a negative dimension? We suggest in this work a modest yet quite speculative idea: what if the negative sign in front of time-like dimensions is not just a mathematical tool after all? What if the minus sign follows a natural behaviour of time flowing? In this work we are suggesting an unorthodox philosophical interpretation and an explaination of the way that causality is conserved in equations, using the negative sign in front of temporal dimensions. To do so, we use non-conventional approaches like inductive dimension, Lebesgue covering dimension and Minkowski-Bouligand dimension to better understand the nature of time.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1478] viXra:2402.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-29 13:59:45

Topological Theory of Hopf Bundle and Mass

Authors: Garry Goodwin
Comments: 7 Pages.

Why a particle has the specific rest mass it does is an open question. To address this problem an alternative theory of mass is put forward. Mass is the intersection of a Hopf bundle and 3-space. The masses of six lighter hyperons and electron are derived as functions of the proton and neutron masses. Nine free parameters are thereby reduced to two. The most significant outcome is the derivation of the electron mass.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1477] viXra:2402.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-24 21:08:54

[On a] Theory of Everything

Authors: Oussama Basta
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, a new paradigm is proposed for understanding the interplay between gravitation, electromagnetism, and spin. Building upon the principles of quantum mechanics [1] and general relativity [2], we develop a unified theory that reconciles the fundamental forces of nature. Our approach provides a novel perspective on the nature of spacetime, the behavior of particles, and the origins of the universe. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework by addressing longstanding problems in physics, including the cosmological constant issue and the hierarchy problem. Our findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of the universe and its mysteries and open up new avenues for exploration and discovery.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1476] viXra:2402.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-19 21:30:21

On the Disnct Aspect of Eleven

Authors: Dwight Boddorf
Comments: 4 Pages. (Converted to pdf by viXra admin - Please only submist article in pdf format)

A distinct aspect of eleven is defined. Aspect is utilized to index one hundred thirty-seven. Index is used to generate a plausible value for the fine structure constant.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1475] viXra:2402.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-18 20:12:44

Navier-Stokes Equations Are Neither First Nor Second Order Approximation

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXRa admin: Please do not use the dramatic comment "Rejected by all journals")

One of the Millennium Problems is fluid movement. If the movement is lightspeed-like, then we take Einstein's Relativity into account. If not, then we don't need complicated Navier-Stokes formulas. They are not a first-order approximation at low speeds. However, they has to be first-order approximation since they are meant to be classical.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1474] viXra:2402.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-06 08:36:58

On Discrete Hopf Fibrations, Grand Unification Groups, the Barnes-Wall, Leech Lattices, and Quasicrystals

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 13 Pages.

A discrete Hopf fibration of $S^{15}$ over $S^8$ with $S^7$ (unit octonions) as fibers leads to a $16D$ Polytope $P_{16}$ with $4320$ vertices obtained from the convex hull of the $16D$ Barnes-Wall lattice $ Lambda_{16}$. It is argued how a subsequent $2-1$ mapping (projection) of $ P_{16}$ onto a $8D$-hyperplane might furnish the $2160$ vertices of the uniform $2_{41}$ polytope in $8$-dimensions, and such that one can capture the chain sequence of polytopes $ 2_{41}, 2_{31}, 2_{21}, 2_{11}$ in $ D = 8,7,6,5$ dimensions, leading, respectively, to the sequence of Coxeter groups $ E_8, E_7, E_6, SO(10) $ which are putative GUT group candidates. An embedding of the $E_8 oplus E_8 $ and $ E_8 oplus E_8 oplus E_8$ lattice into the Barnes-Wall $ Lambda_{16}$ and Leech $Lambda_{24}$ lattices, respectively, is explicitly shown. From the $16D$ lattice $ E_8 oplus E_8$ one can generate two separate families of Elser-Sloane $4D$ quasicrystals (QC's) with $ H_4$ (icosahedral) symmetry via the ``cut-and-project" method from $ 8D$ to $ 4D$ in each separate $E_8$ lattice. Therefore, one obtains in this fashion the Cartesian product of two Elser-Sloane QC's $ {cal Q} times {cal Q} $ spanning an $8D$ space. Similarly, from the $24D$ lattice $ E_8 oplus E_8 oplus E_8$ one can generate the Cartesian product of three Elser-Sloane $4D$ quasicrystals (QC's) $ {cal Q} times {cal Q} times {cal Q} $ with $ H_4$ symmetry and spanning a $12D$ space.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1473] viXra:2401.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-26 18:16:34

Magnetic Monopoles: A Quantum Approach

Authors: Mohamed Gamal
Comments: 20 Pages.

The quest for magnetic monopoles, particles possessing a single magnetic pole, has captivated the scientific community for decades. In this study, we explore the possibility of achieving magnetic monopoles by utilizing a magnetic dipole with an infinitely fast polarity switch. Through a comprehensive analysis incorporating equations such as Schrödinger's Equation and the Dirac Equations, we investigate the theoretical foundations and historical context surrounding this fascinating phenomenon. Our research delves into the experiment and results, providing insights into the intricate interplay between magnetic monopoles and fermion-monopole systems. Additionally, we examine the concepts of Ampere's Hypothesis, Dirac Quantisation, Saha's Derivation, electromagnetic duality rotations, and the Wu-Yang Approach. By employing a dipole in a superposition state, and concluding with a general equation that combines different aspects of electromagnetic phenomena, such as electric and magnetic fields, potentials, currents, and their derivatives, to describe the behavior and interactions of these quantities in a generalized manner. we explore the potential realization of magnetic monopoles. This study offers valuable insights into the elusive nature of magnetic monopoles and paves the way for future advancements in this field of research.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1472] viXra:2401.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-24 10:12:52

On Symmetries of Geometric Algebra Cl(3,1) for Space-Time

Authors: Eckhard Hitzer
Comments: 11 Pages. Submitted to Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras (2024), 4 tables.

From viewpoints of crystallography and of elementary particles, we explore symmetries of multivectors in the geometric algebra Cl(3,1) that can be used to describe space-time.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1471] viXra:2401.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-22 17:05:54

Fractional Dynamics and Physics Beyond Effective Field Theory (Part 1)

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 18 Pages.

There are growing signs today that physics far beyond the Standard Model (SM) scale may substantially deviate from the principles of traditional field theory. The goal of this report is to briefly elaborate on the motivation for fractal spacetime and fractional dynamics beyond the realm of effective field theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1470] viXra:2401.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-13 02:41:44

The Underlying Principle of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

Authors: Wei Guo
Comments: 70 Pages.

Today, the scientific community comprehensively accepts adding many extra unverifiable things into reality, e.g. extra mass: dark matter, extra energy: dark energy, extra position: superposition, extra dimensions, or even extra parallel reality. Considering reality is not understood completely, adding something into reality's unknown part is indeed a shortcut for explaining some measured discrepancy, but such behaviors are likely to distort the instinct of reality. We report any inherent measured discrepancy involving an indirect measure method that relies on an artificially-defined equivalence, e.g. inertia mass indirectly measures mass by equating mass with force/acceleration. Time measure relies on an equivalence between time and some phenomena, e.g. swing of pendulum, fall of sands or electron jumping between two states. Since Galileo, mathematical equal sign is introduced so naturally between different physical properties. We argue any such equivalence only holds true within a limited phenomena range. Although some method's application range has been summarized, e.g. inertia mass only applies to 'macro, low-speed, inertia-system', we state such scattered descriptions collected from experience are not rigorous. We propose a general frame that can identify a more rigorous application range. Hence, any inherent measured discrepancy results from the measured phenomena exceeding the method's rigorous application range, e.g. remote objects actually exceed the Doppler effect's application range. By ignoring this, large-scale red shift inevitably misleads us to the dark energy's existing necessity. Similarly, dark matter only logically exists to expand the rigorous application range of dynamical mass.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1469] viXra:2401.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-01 22:50:11

Topological Property of Newton's Theory of Gravitation

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 4 Pages.

We propose the topological object, a gravitational knot, could exist in Newton's theory of gravitation by assuming that the Ricci curvature tensor especially the metric tensor consists of a scalar field i.e. a subset of the Ricci curvature tensor. The Chern-Simons action is interpreted as such a knot.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1468] viXra:2401.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-01 22:49:31

Hidden Nonlinearity in Newton's Second Law of Gravitation in (2+1)-Dimensional Space-Time

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 5 Pages.

By assuming that the Ricci curvature tensor consists of a subset (scalar) field, we propose that Newton's second law of gravitation in (2+1)-dimensional space-time, a linear equation, could have hidden nonlinearity. This subset field satisfies a non-linear subset field theory where in the case of an empty space-time or the weak field, it reduces to Newton's linear theory of gravitation.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1467] viXra:2401.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-01 22:32:15

Flock Members Experience Gas Pressures Higher Than Lone Individuals

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 5 Pages.

Local interactions between flock members in absence of centralized control generate collective dynamics characterized by coherent large-scale patterns. We investigate whether aggregates of individuals like birds, swarms and fishes behaving in concert with their neighbors may modify the physical properties of the fluid medium in which they are embedded. Using the K-Nearest Neighbours algorithm to simulate collective animal behavior, we showed that the occurrence of collective dynamics can modify the physical parameters of the phase space in which the interacting individuals’ trajectories take place. This means that lone individuals experience the nearby fluid medium (i.e., the air in case of birds/insects and the water in case of fishes) differently from flock members. In particular, our framework suggests that a bird belonging to a group and acting collectively with its neighbours perceives the nearby atmosphere as denser, compared with an isolated bird.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1466] viXra:2401.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2024-01-01 22:30:32

A "Trinionic" Representation of a Classical Group

Authors: Kohji Suzuki
Comments: 24 Pages.

We apply "trinions" put forward in viXra:1712.0131 to the Lie group SU(3) to discuss some physical matters.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1465] viXra:2312.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-21 01:38:48

Critical Analysis of Classical Wave Equation

Authors: Temur Z. Kalanov
Comments: 12 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)

A detailed proof of the incorrectness of the classical wave equation is proposed. The correct methodological basis for the proof is the unity of formal logic and rational dialectics. The proof leads to the following irrefutable statement: the classical wave equation and the derivation of the classical wave equation are a gross error in mathematics and physics. The proof of this statement is based on the following irrefutable main results: (1) The first gross error is the following approximate relationship: "sine of angle is approximately equal to tangent of angle; cosine of angle is approximately equal to 1". This relationship means (implies) that the quantity of the angle and the right-angled triangle do not exist. Consequently, the relationship between the tangent of the angle and the derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist; (2) The second gross error is that the second-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist, because the dimensions of displacement and coordinate are "meter", the first-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate is dimensionless quantity (i.e. the first-order derivative of the displacement respect to coordinate has no the dimension "meter"); (3) The third gross error is that the first-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate cannot be expanded into the Taylor series, because the second-order derivative of the displacement with respect to coordinate does not exist;(4) The fourth gross error is as follows: (a) the left side of the wave equation contains the condition that time is a variable quantity, and the coordinate is a constant quantity; (b) the right side of the wave equation contains the condition that time is a constant, and the coordinate is a variable. This means (implies) that the equation contains contradictory conditions (propositions). Therefore, the equation represents a violation of the formal-logical law of the lack (absence) of contradiction; (5) The fifth gross error is that the standard derivation of the equation relies on the following false theories: negative number theory, complex numbers theory, trigonometry, vector calculus, differential calculus, and Newton's second law.Thus, the classical wave equation does not satisfy the criterion of truth and is not a scientific achievement.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1464] viXra:2312.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-19 22:27:01

On the Origins of Mass

Authors: Moshe Szweizer, Rivka Schlagbaum
Comments: 18 Pages.

Probability, as manifested through entropy, is presented in this study as one ofthe most fundamental components of physical reality. It is demonstrated that thequantization of probability allows for the introduction of the mass phenomenon.In simple terms, gaps in probability impose resistance to change in movement,which observers experience as inertial mass. The model presented in the paperbuilds on two probability fields that are allowed to interact. The resultant prob-ability distribution is quantized, producing discrete probability levels. Finally, aformula is developed that correlates the gaps in probability levels with physicalmass. The model allows for the estimation of quark masses. The masses of theproton and neutron are arrived at with an error of under 0.04%. The masses ofsigma baryons are calculated with an error between 0.2% and 0.05%. The Wboson mass is calculated with an error of under 0.5%. The model explains whyproton is stable while other baryons are not, and it gives an explanation of theorigins and nature of dark matter. Throughout the text, the article illustratesthat the approach required to describe the nature of mass is incompatible withthe mathematical framework needed to explain other physical phenomena.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1463] viXra:2312.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-15 01:29:34

Comprehensive Systemization of Weak Kam Theory and Some Open Problems

Authors: Jong In Jae, Jong U. Hwan, Ra Ju Gwang
Comments: 37 Pages.

In this paper, we performed comprehensive systemization of weak KAM theory, the ultramodern theory in mathematics domain that is being regarded as important in theoretical and application aspect and is being studied actively in the world in present. Moreover we also systemized comprehensively the conjectures, the open problems, and the point at issue that are proposed in weak KAM theory. They contain 17 of the points at the issue that are newly proposed in this paper.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1462] viXra:2312.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-10 09:31:16

Bordisms and Wordlines II

Authors: Ryan J. Buchanan, Parker Emmerson
Comments: 7 Pages.

This paper is a continuation of [2]. Here, we discuss twisted branes, the free loop superspace, and, in particular, a deformation of the modal lightcone which allows us to model cobordisms of generically small, portable, locally closed systems.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1461] viXra:2312.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-09 22:44:44

Nodal Lines of Eigenfunctions of Eigenfunctions of Laplacian in Plane

Authors: Soo Sun Ha
Comments: 53 Pages.

We prove Payne's nodal line conjecture for any bounded simply connected, possibly non-convex smooth domain in Plane; any the second Dirichlet eigenfunction of laplacian in any domain in Plane can not have a closed nodal line.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1460] viXra:2312.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2023-12-09 22:27:06

Scattering of Worldlines Along a Bordism

Authors: Ryan J. Buchanan, Parker Emmerson
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, ER bridges are discussed as bordisms. We treat these bordisms as fibers, whose sections are holographically entangled to copies of $S^1$. Diffemorphisms of these fibers are discussed, as well as the implication of replacing $S^1$ with the supercircle, and the replacing its underlying algebra with a Lie superalgebra.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1459] viXra:2311.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-27 02:47:57

Cooldown Time Estimation Methods for Stirling Cycle Crycoolers

Authors: Shlomy Shitrit, Royee Bustan
Comments: 18 Pages.

Crycoolers are small refrigerators that can reach cryogenic temperatures in the range of 70Kto 150K. They have the capability of accumulating a small temperature drop into a large overall temperature reduction. The cooldown time estimation is becoming more and more as a design parameter, certainly in hands-on applications. The various complicated physical processes involved in crycooler operation make it hardly possible to explicitly simulate the temperature time response.The numerical methods for solving a typical crycooler suffer from numerical instability, time step restrictions and high computational costs, among others. Since the operation of crycoolers involve processes in range of 60Hz − 120Hz, actually solving the crycooler transient response would require different software tools to support the design and analysis of physical processes such as heat transfer, fluid dynamic, electromagnetic and mechanical. These processes would also require an excessive amount of calculations, incurring time consuming and precision penalty. In this article we try to bridge the gap between the explicit impractical approach to steady state based approach.A framework developed in Python for calculating the cooldown time profile of any crycooler basedon a steady state database, is introduced, while utilizing a semi-analytic approach under variousoperating conditions. The cooldown time performance can be explored at various target and ambient temperature conditions, and also the effects of an external load, material properties or thermal capacitance on the overall cooldown time response. Two case studies based on K580 and K590 crycoolers developed at Ricor are used for verfication, with a good agreement between the simulated and measured values.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1458] viXra:2311.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-21 05:08:00

An Algebrologist in Wonderland

Authors: Robert G. Wallace
Comments: 19 Pages.

By imposing a requirement for spatial isotropy, it is possible to find an algebra with a subalgebra structure having a pattern matching that of the bosons and three families of fermions of the standard model.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1457] viXra:2311.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-07 23:39:13

Geometric Visual Approach to the Mass Gap Problem

Authors: Alfonso De Miguel bueno
Comments: 30 Pages.

This paper provides visual and conceptual explanations for the mass gap problem, reflection positivity, Tomita-Takasaki modular theory, mirror symmetry and N=1 supersymmetry, in the context of a dual quantum field model whose subatomic fields are represented by a set of 2x2 complex rotational matrices of eigenvectors.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1456] viXra:2311.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-06 14:37:53

Single Field Universe Update

Authors: Michael Griffin
Comments: 12 Pages. contact email mdg46@juno.com

More features are presented to fit a single-field version for a unified field theory, based upon Euler’s equation as the hidden variable to model enfielding of energy into matter.The spin values and their range spectrum are revised to fit estimates for the different magnitudes of gravity and electromagnetism. Features of Maxwell’s equations on a larger scale are considered. A conservation principle for total velocities is also proposed. Force constants and a different simultaneity principle are suggested.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1455] viXra:2311.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2023-11-01 21:32:59

Real Numbers: a New (Quantum) Look, with a Hierarchical Structure

Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 36 Pages. Presentation in the ISU Pure and Applied Mathematics Seminar

Rational numbers Q have much more structure beyond the ordered field structure which leads to Real Numbers as a metric completion.The modular group representation of continued fractions is used as a Number Theory "friendly" implementation of the real numbers, with a possible unification with p-adic numbers, beyond the "direct sum" adeles framework. This approach also allows to extend Fourier and Haar Wavelet Analysis, by including inversion as a geometric antipode. Other applications in Mathematical-Physics steam from the central role of the modular group: Belyi maps, Farey graphs and tessellations etc. which allow the study of important classes of numbers (algebraic, periods) in a systematic way. The presentation is a preliminary version the project, stating the motivation, goals and approach.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1454] viXra:2310.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-30 15:11:40

Monte Carlo Quantum Computing Using a Sum of Controlled Few-Fermions

Authors: David H. Wei
Comments: 59 pages, 8 figures

A restricted path integral method is proposed to simulate a type of quantum system or Hamiltonian called a sum of controlled few-fermions on a classical computer using Monte Carlo without a numerical sign problem. Related methods and systems of Monte Carlo quantum computing are disclosed for simulating quantum systems and implementing quantum computing efficiently on a classical computer, including methods and systems for simulating many-variable signed densities, methods and systems for decomposing a many-variable density into a combination of few-variable signed densities, and methods and systems for solving a computational problem via Monte Carlo quantum computing.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1453] viXra:2310.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-29 22:09:29

The Link Between the de-Vries-Formula for the Fine Structure Constant and the Power-of-Two Value of 128

Authors: George Bailey
Comments: 16 pages

Almost 20 years ago, de Vries proposed a recursive equation for the fine structure constant α that depends only on the mathematical constants e and π. It gives a value for 1/α = 137.0359990958. By applying the term α/(2π) in a geometric series, this equation has the flavour of mainstream physics (see Schwinger-Dyson series on calculating the electron's g-factor), which in combination with the agreement with the experimentally found value is probably the reason why this formula, unlike many other numerology attempts, is not forgotten.The starting point and core element of this equation is the term 1/e^(π^2/2). Despite interesting approaches, it has not yet been possible to give this term an unequivocal physical meaning. So I thought it worthwhile to investigate the proximity of this value to the closest power-of-two value, i.e. 128. This resulted from the considerations I made in the previous works, where I (among many others) became aware of the importance of the number 2^128 as a link between the order of magnitude of the elementary particles and the universe.Finally, another equation for α was obtained, which is roughly equivalent in complexity to the de Vries equation, depends only on π and 128, and whose result differs from the de Vries result by only about 2^10^-10.It was during my playing around with the numerical values that I found the literature that told me that at extremely high energies the fine structure "constant" increases to the value of about 1/128. So I saw another reason to publish these number juggleries. Here they are.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1452] viXra:2310.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-20 15:04:55

Electrostatic Fields

Authors: Baran Tuna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Electrostatic fields, cornerstone elements in understanding electrical phenomena, serve as key components in diverse scientific and engineering fields. This paper elucidates the concept of electrostatic fields, explores their properties, and outlines their broad applications. We start from the basics of electric charges and their interactions, leading us to the core principles of electrostatics. A deep dive into Coulomb's law is presented to scrutinize the behavior of electrostatic fields, along with the concept of electric potential and its relationship with the electric field. We underline the instrumental role of electrostatic field analysis in practical applications like electrical power systems, electronics, and telecommunications. Furthermore, we introduce techniques to tackle electrostatic field problems and showcase their applications in engineering and technology. By providing a comprehensive review of electrostatic fields, we aim to deepen understanding and propel further research into this vital domain of electromagnetism.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1451] viXra:2310.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-19 01:28:54

Realization of Quasi-Quanta Via the Forced Contraction of Loops

Authors: Ryan J. Buchanan
Comments: 6 Pages.

The contraction of a loop on a string in the orthogonal time direction is contemplated. Its relationship to a certain mathematical concept, forcing notions, is examined. In addition, we evaluate local systems on the worldline of a particle traveling in the positive timelike direction.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1450] viXra:2310.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-11 23:37:59

Phenomenological Velocity

Authors: Parker Emmerson
Comments: 11 Pages.

The intent of this paper is to provide a simple focus on that mathematical concept and solution, phenomenological velocity to shine light on aworthy topic for mathematicians and physicists alike. Phenomenological Velocity is essential to the formulation of a gestalt cosmology. The bibliography of this paper provides references to the extensive research that has been conducted by myself on the topic. I have performed conditional integrals of the phenomenological velocity in its most liberated standard-algebraic form, I have shown that the computational-phenomenological velocity satisfies its real-analytic solutionwhen not using the speed of light in scientific notation to get the computational version, thus demonstrating that it is a valid solution. So, phenomenological velocity has profound consequences to the foundations of physics as civilization moves into a galactic scale and information is communicated at the quantumlevel, because it is such a mathematical reality it ought not be ignored when considering topics from hidden dimensions (a real, algebraic technique) and relativity to gravity and dark matter. It gives us a new perspective on how weperceive the meaning of velocity itself with pragnanz, and thus with the new meaning, perspectives can change. I hope the reader will investigate the combined research I have performed on this topic, available by referencing the works in this bibliography to fully understand the nature of the arguments being made within. So, this points the right direction for future research, perhaps even withintent to encourage experimental design.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1449] viXra:2310.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-05 01:35:15

Consciousness as Temporal Transcendence

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 11 Pages.

In presenting the case for an information touchstone of logic as the code of a zero-dimensional time and space theory, in confirming what is observed of physical phenomena, the presumption of consciousness in this process of logic, information, confirmation, and thence the supposition of awareness is addressed. The manner of this address is through identifying information as themes relevant to the zero-dimensional physical theory’s derivations. In recognition of our conscious drives and abilities, the information themes are considered as being self-evident for what is generally considered as consciousness. Identified here in this paper are those basic themes in physical reality we more likely than not as conscious beings are subject to.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1448] viXra:2310.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-04 00:26:43

Logic's Information Touchstone

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 18 Pages.

Proposed here is a touchstone logic for physical phenomena, notable as a proposed logic for the zero-dimensions of time and space, specifically for time as a moment and space as a point. The proposed logic utilizes the conjecture that a moment in time is not a point in space, and by their difference, according to a specific mathematically labelled logic, the dimensions of time and space become manifest. The manifestation of the dimensions from zero-dimensionality are thence shown to encompass a time and space dimensional number theory that when scaled with physical phenomena is shown to harbour all the known information of quantum field theory and general relativity. The confounding result for this zero-dimensional number theory as a physical theory is the stars beyond this solar system derived as being a holographic projection of activity in this solar system’s Hydrogen wall. Discussed here therefore is whether the proposed touchstone logos used here is or is not an exact account of physical reality’s structure.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1447] viXra:2309.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-25 02:59:46

On Configuration Space

Authors: Ryan J. Buchanan
Comments: 13 Pages. Correct version

A particular class of real manifolds (Hermitian spaces) naturally model smooth, possibly complex n-spaces. We show how to realize such a space as a restriction of a super-smooth stack using a compass. We also discuss the classical relationship between iterated loop spaces and the configuration space of a particle.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1446] viXra:2309.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-22 00:37:25

A Novel CPW-Fed Multiband Planar Monopole Antenna for GSM/ WLAN/ WiMAX Applications

Authors: Paek Ye Song, Jong Hye Gon, Kim Un Chol, Gang Ung, Hong Myong Su, Ha Song Jin
Comments: 6 Pages.

A novel CPW-fed multiband planar monopole antenna is designed and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate and has a compact size of 26 × 45 × 1.6 mm3. A prototype is fabricated and then measured. The simulated and measured results exhibit that the operating bandwidth with a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB is about 150 MHz (1700—1850MHz), 310 MHz (2.38—2.69 GHz), 520 MHz (3.23—3.75 GHz), and 820 MHz (5.09—5.91 GHz). These frequency ranges meet the bandwidth requirement for GSM 1800MHz, WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz and WiMAX 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz bands. Also, almost omnidirectional radiation patterns and peak gains of 2.1dBi at 1.8 GHz, 2.21dBi at 2.4 GHz, 2.8dBi at 3.5 GHz, and 4.98dBi at 5.5 GHz are obtained. The proposed antenna with small size, planar structure, good impedance bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation patterns is very suitable for GSM/ WLAN/ WiMAX applications.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1445] viXra:2309.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-18 01:16:51

Natural Units, Pi-Groups and Period Laws

Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 16 Pages.

In the context of QFT and Gauge Theory, the introduction of Natural Units, as a quantization in disguise'' combined with Buckingham's Pi-Theorem, provides a direct connection with de Rham Periods, as also hinted by Feynman amplitudes, Dessins d'Enfant and Belyi maps models of baryon modes etc.A program emerges: Physics Laws as Period Laws, and Alpha, as an element of the Pi-groups, a period. Our models of the Physical Reality emerge from the union of Cohomological Physics and Number Theory,helping us understand ``the unreasonable effectiveness of Mathematics''.An overview of the Network Model is included, with impacts to Sciences in general. Further prospects for understanding the fine structure constant are presented.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1444] viXra:2309.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-16 02:16:25

On the Frequency of Light in Vacuum Space

Authors: Larry Huang, Lynn Huang
Comments: 18 Pages.

Based on the fact that the frequency of light is reduced at the same rate (redshift) across a far distance, and the fact that the speed of light is constant, we can yield a mathematical law of light’s frequency loss. This law states for light traveling through vacuum space, its frequency must reduce an amount equal to Hu2092= H/MPC = 2.26*10^(-18) Hertz for every cycle (or every 1 wavelength of travel) of the light wave, where H is Hubble Constant and MPC = Megaparsecs = 30,856,775,814,913,673,000 km or Δf/f = -Hu2092t. This frequency is reducing exponentially against time (f(t) = fu2092e-Hu2092t). In Mathematics, some properties of Digamma function ψ(x) is used to deliver the law. By carefully comparing space’s expansion and this law of frequency loss, we conclude the expansion of space cannot be the reason of light’s frequency reduction, since they contradict one another. Instead, light traveling in space will lose a very small and constant amount of energy for every of its wavelengths that it travels. Finally an experiment is proposed to prove the theory and to find the Hubble Constant without needing to look at galaxies millions of light years away.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1443] viXra:2309.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-09 23:28:30

The Indivisible Aspects Theory with Redefined Zeros (IATRZ)

Authors: David C. Salles Jr
Comments: 26 Pages. (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)

The Indivisible Aspects Theory with Redefined Zeros (IATRZ) is a proposed new framework attempting to integrate principles from mathematics, philosophy, and physics. It tries to offers a fresh perspective on zero, infinitesimals, and infinity, plausibly reshaping our understanding of the numerical system. In this new perspective, zero, infinitesimals, and infinity are intricately interconnected, forming a unity. Zero plays a vital role in the emergence of infinitesimals, which, in turn, contribute to the boundless expanse of infinity. The IATRZ system redefines zero as an indivisible component of every value, enabling a holistic comprehension of numerical values. Absolute zero becomes the neutral reference point, allowing for the evaluation and comparison of values. Infinitesimals bridge the gap between zero and finite values, revealing the continuous nature of numerical progression. Infinity represents the limitless potential and vastness of the numerical landscape, allowing us to explore the finest granularity possible. This proposed framework challenges traditional interpretations and invites us to explore the interconnectedness of numerical values.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1442] viXra:2309.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-06 23:45:14

Constantes Fundamentales: Uniendo Gravedad Y la Expansión Acelerada Del Universo Por Medio Del Bosón de Higgs

Authors: Mohamed Makraini
Comments: 19 Pages. In Spanish

En este artículo, se plantea una nueva reinterpretación de la geometría curva del espacio-tiempo, donde de considera que el espacio-tiempo experimenta una contracción longitudinal. Este efecto, se manifiesta en cambios de la métrica del espacio-tiempo que determinan como se miden las distancias y los intervalos temporales en esa región. Es decir, una variación de dimensión en la escala, tamaño o longitud aparente del espacio-tiempo. Esta reinterpretación es compatible con las ecuaciones de campo de Einstein y Maxwell. La constante gravitacional universal GNewton, la constante de Hubble para la expansión acelerada del universo H(0) y la constante cosmológica asociada con la hipotética energía oscura Λ, se pueden obtener y aproximar mediante este nuevo enfoque, donde la masa del bosón de Higgs con sus privilegiadas y únicas características, juega un papel trascendental para dar respuesta a una multitud de preguntas abiertas en física y en la actualidad cosmológica moderna. La reinterpretación de la geometría curva por la contracción espacio-temporal, proporciona un nuevo marco para entender mucho mejor la gravedad. Al obtener valores muy aproximados de la constante de gravitación universal, es posible determinar la fuerza inversa a la gravedad responsable de la expansión acelerada del universo. Esto es posible gracias a la teoría de divergencia de Gauss, donde la distribución de carga determinada por la constante de Coulomb en el marco de la expansión multipolar definida por el electromagnetismo, constituye una analogía bastante sólida, siendo de forma inversamente proporcional a la gravedad, mediante la cuál es posible obtener y calcular con mucha precisión, el valor de la constante H(0) de Hubble. La constante cosmológica Λ, considerada como una posible energía oscura que impulsa la expansión acelerada del universo, también puede ser obtenida y explicada a través de este nuevo enfoque. La reinterpretación de la geometría curva de la gravedad, como una contracción espacio-temporal, afectaría a las propiedades de la expansión del espacio-tiempo, donde la interpretación de contracción del universo, que describe la Relatividad General, debe ser reinterpretada, comprendida y aceptada, como la gravedad misma a cualquier escala.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1441] viXra:2309.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-06 23:43:32

Fundamental Constants: Uniting Gravity and the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe Through the Higgs Boson

Authors: Mohamed Makraini
Comments: 19 Pages.

This article presents a new reinterpretation of the curved geometry of spacetime, where it is considered that spacetime undergoes longitudinal contraction. This effect is manifested in changes in the spacetime metric that determine how distances and temporal intervals are measured in that region. In other words, a variation in the scale, size, or apparent length of spacetime. This reinterpretation is compatible with Einstein's field equations and Maxwell's equations. The universal gravitational constant of Newton, G, the Hubble constant for the accelerated expansion of the universe, H(0), and the cosmological constant associated with hypothetical dark energy, Λ, can be obtained and approximated using this new approach, where the mass of the Higgs boson with its unique and privileged characteristics plays a crucial role in addressing numerous open questions in physics and modern cosmology. The reinterpretation of curved geometry through spacetime contraction provides a new framework for better understanding gravity. By obtaining very close values of the universal gravitational constant, it is possible to determine the inverse force to gravity responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. This is achievable through Gauss's divergence theorem, where the charge distribution determined by the Coulomb constant within the framework of multipolar expansion defined by electromagnetism constitutes a quite solid analogy, being inversely proportional to gravity. This allows for the precise calculation of the value of the Hubble constant, H(0). The cosmological constant Λ, considered as a potential dark energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe, can also be obtained and explained through this new approach. The reinterpretation of the curved geometry of gravity as spacetime contraction would affect the properties of spacetime expansion, where the interpretation of the universe's contraction described by General Relativity must be reinterpreted, understood, and accepted as gravity itself at any scale.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1440] viXra:2309.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-05 02:46:20

Knot in Weak-Field Geometrical Optics

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 4 Pages. 1 figure.

We construct the geometric optical knot in 3-dimensional Euclidean (vacuum or weak-field) space using the Abelian Chern-Simons integral and the variables (the Clebsch variables) of the complex scalar field, i.e. the function of amplitude and the phase related to the refractive index. The result of numerical simulation shows that in vacuum or weak-field space, there exists such a knot.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1439] viXra:2308.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-29 22:50:07

Navier-Stokes Equation and Euler Equation

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 7 Pages. In Chinese

The existence of Navier-Stokes equation is still a puzzle. Here, I provide solutions to the compressible or non-compressible fluids of the Navier-Stokes equation. In addition, the smoothness of Navier-Stokes equation is proved. In the above conditions, Navier-Stokes equation can be reduced to Laplace equation or Poisson equation to obtain the solutions and to prove the existence and smoothness of the Navier-Stokes equation.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1438] viXra:2308.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-22 22:54:30

Space-Time as Spinors

Authors: Julian Simon Brown
Comments: 6 Pages.

We uncover an implicit volume-preserving mapping from the C^4 space of a bispinor onto the past cone belonging to an arbitrary spacetime point in R^{3,1}$. The quotient group SO(3,1) is shown to be given by SO(8)/U(1) x U(1) x SO(3) and a simple geometrical interpretation is presented. We conclude by showing that the novel mapping allows the reformulation of many equations of motion of boson and fermion fields as integral equations over null cones that are devoid of field derivatives.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1437] viXra:2308.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-03 20:38:03

Can You Paint a Painting Without Any Canvas?

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 3 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

The mathematical blueprint of the arrow of Time [is discussed] in a nutshell.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1436] viXra:2308.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-02 23:37:29

Significance of the Number Space and Coordinate System in Physics for Elementary Particles and the Planetary System

Authors: Helmut Christian Schmidt
Comments: 21 Pages.

The universe can be understood as a set of rational numbers Q. This is to be distinguished from how we see the world, a 3-dimensional space with time. Observations from the past is the subset Q+ for physics. A system of 3 objects, each with 3 spatial coordinates on the surface and time, is sufficient for physics. For the microcosm, the energy results from the 10 independent parameters as a polynomial P(2). For an observer, the local coordinates are the normalization for the metric. Our idea of a space with revolutions of 2π gives the coordinates in the macrocosm in epicycles. For the observer this means a transformation of the energies into polynomials P(2π). c can be calculated from the units meter and day.π/2 c m day = rEarth2This formula provides the equatorial radius of the earth with an accuracy of 489 m. Orbits can be calculated using polynomials P(2π) and orbital times in the planetary system with P(8). A common constant can be derived from h, G and c with the consequence for H0: h G c5s8 /m10 ( π4- π2- π-1 - π-3) 1/2 H0theory= π1/23 h G c3 s5/m8A photon consists of 2 entangled electrons e- and e+mneutron / me=(2π)4 +(2π)3+(2π)2-(2π)1-(2π)0-(2π)-1+2(2π)-2+2(2π)-4-2(2π)-6 +6(2π)-8 = 1838.6836611 Theory: 1838.6836611 me measured: 1838.68366173(89) meFor each charge there is an energy C = -π+2π-1- π-3+2π-5-7-9- π-12Together with the neutron mass, the result for the proton is: mproton=mneutron + C me= 1836.15267363 meFine-structure constant: 1/α = π4+ π3+ π2 - 1 - π-1 + π-2 - π-3 + π-7 - π-9 - 2π-10 - 2π-11 - 2π-12 = 137.035999107The muon and tauon mass as well as inner planetary system calculations are also given
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1435] viXra:2307.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-27 13:48:57

On the Calculation of the Corner Frequency in Bode Plots

Authors: Aloys J. Sipers, Joh. J. Sauren
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper we prove that the relationship ωτ = 1 is a property of logarithmic scale of the horizontal axis in Bode plots. We illustrate the results of our derivations and mathematical conclusions by calculating the point of intersection of the horizontal and the oblique asymptote in a magnitudeplot and the point of symmetry in a phase plot.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1434] viXra:2307.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-20 12:28:12

Quaternionic Generalization of Telegraph Equations

Authors: Victor L. Mironov, Sergey V. Mironov
Comments: 13 Pages.

Using non-commutative space-time quaternion algebra, we represent the generalization of one-dimensional and three-dimensional telegraph equations, which are widely applied to consider the propagation of an electromagnetic signal in communication lines, as well as to describe particle diffusion and heat transfer. It is shown that the system of telegraph equations can be represented in compact form as a single quaternion equation taking into account the space-time properties of physical quantities. The distinctive features of the one-dimensional and three-dimensional telegraph equations are discussed.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1433] viXra:2307.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-11 12:59:36

Analytical Models of Plane Turbulent Wall-bounded Flows

Authors: Victor L. Mironov, Sergey V. Mironov
Comments: 21 Pages.

We present the theoretical description of plane turbulent wall-bounded flows based on the previously proposed equations for vortex fluid, which take into account both the longitudinal flow and the vortex tubes rotation. Using the simple model of eddy viscosity we obtain the analytical expressions for mean velocity profiles of steady-state turbulent flows. In particular we consider near-wall boundary layer flow as well as Couette, Poiseuille and combined Couette-Poiseuille flows. In all these cases the calculated velocity profiles are in good agreement with experimental data and results of direct numerical simulations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1432] viXra:2307.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2023-07-05 21:37:07

Dimensional Regularization and Fractal Spacetime

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages. (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)

This report expands on the preprint "Dimensional Regularization as Mass Generating Mechanism", posted at the following sites:https://doi.org/10.32388/DW6ZZS , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370670747
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1431] viXra:2306.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-27 17:03:11

The Most Beautiful Form of the Dirac Equation, and Some Speculations re "123 Mystery"

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 9 Pages.

Dirac 1928's relativistic electron wave equation had involved 4×4 matrices. We show how to reformulate it using 2×2 matrices only, and also that we can get rid even of them provided we make the wavefunction be biquaternion-valued. The Majorana equation then has quaternion-valued wavefunction. We then speculate that extensions of this idea might be able to solve one or two of the oft-cited "great mysteries" of physics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1430] viXra:2306.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-18 00:00:18

Are We Using Bell’s Inequality Wrongly in Polarization of Light Experiments?

Authors: Jayesh Suresh
Comments: 6 Pages.

Bell’s inequality is a widely used theorem to prove that quantum mechanics violates principle of locality. Polarization experiments are used in this regard. This article is an examination to see whether there is any loop hole in our usage of polarization experiments to prove that quantum particles violate Bell’s inequality. In this article, the probability distribution of unpolarised light is examined. On doing so, it is found that the realignment of polarization axis of photon on passing through a polarizer may be the cause of more than expected probabilities
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1429] viXra:2306.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-17 01:19:43

The Velocity-Wavelength Right Triangles Unit Circles Standard Clock and the Twin Paradox

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 6 Pages.

Using energy and momentum definitions: E=(m_0)c²/sqrt(1-v²/c²) and p=(m_0)v/sqrt(1-v²/c²)their frequencies and wavelengths may be shown as reciprocal transformations: f=c/λ_{c} , λ=c/f_{c} yielding the generally referred to: (λ_{c)}(f_{c})=v=v_{g} group velocity ; and λf=(c/f_{c})(c/λ_{c))=c²/((λ_{c)}(f_{c}))=c²/v=v_{p} phase velocity and yields the right triangles: ((((m_0)c)/h)λ_{c})²(v/c)²=1 and [((((m_0)v)/h))λ]²(v/c)²=1 represent wavelength-velocity right triangles with unit hypotenuses (radii of unit circles) As unit circles, the time rate of change of the angle of these wavelength-velocity right triangles may be considered a standard clock of a relativistic reference frame. Analysis may be made for any planets in a solar system; and similarly for binary star/planet/moon system(s) and also for bodies within rotating galaxies. Using this standard relativistic clock the effects of acceleration concerning the twin paradox may be calculated.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1428] viXra:2306.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-13 14:56:55

Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula

Authors: Alessandro Gecchele
Comments: 14 Pages.

{Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at valid estimates of these indices starting from experimental data, so to derive a suitable classification method for the underlying processes. However, optimal solutions have not been reached yet. A one-line formula limited to the estimation of collision entropy is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments gave evidence of its validity even for the very low densities of the data spread in high-dimensional sample spaces. The strengths of this method are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1427] viXra:2306.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-13 00:31:59

A Compact CPW-Fed Triple Band Monopole Antenna with Simple Structure for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Authors: Baek Ye Song, Kim Nam Chol Kim Un Chol, Kim Ju Il, Song Sung Bom
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this paper, a new compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed triple band monopole antenna with dual circular rings and two L-shaped parasitic strips on the ground plane is presented. The fabricated antenna with new simple structure has a compact size of 26 mm × 34 mm. The proposed antenna has impedance bandwidths of 2.39-2.69 GHz, 3.21- 4.12GHz and 5.08 -5.86GHz with a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB. The measured performances are compared with the simulated results and show good agreement. The proposed triple band monopole antenna also has good omnidirectional radiation patterns and available gain. The simple structure, ease of implementation, compact size and good performances make the proposed antenna an excellent candidate for WLAN and WiMAX applications.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1426] viXra:2306.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-13 00:35:10

Design and Implementation of a Compact CPW-Fed Planar UWB Antenna with Quadruple Band Notched Characteristics

Authors: Kim Dae Il, Kim Un Chol, Ryu Dong Myong, Choe Jong Yol, Pak Chung Jin
Comments: 9 Pages.

A novel coplanar waveguide ()-fed planar UWB antenna with quadruple band-notched property is presented. The quadruple band rejection is achieved by etching a M-shaped slot on the radiation patch and a U-shaped slot on the feed line, and adding two L-shaped parasitic strips near radiator patch and two split ring resonators (SRRs) on the back surface of the substrate. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good wideband performance over an UWB frequency range from 3 to 11.8 GHz with VSWR less than 2, except for four stop-bands at 3.3~3.75GHz, 5.15~5.85GHz, 7. 2~7.76GHz, 8~8.55GHz respectively. It also demonstrates a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern and available gain. The fabricated antenna has a tiny size, only 34mm 31mm0.508mm. The simulated results are compared with the measured results and good agreement is obtained. The simple structure, compact size and good characteristics make the antenna an excellent candidate for UWB applications.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1425] viXra:2306.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-10 16:17:32

Gauge Invariance in Counting and Combinatorics

Authors: Koustubh Kabe
Comments: 7 Pages. This paper explores a new kind of gauge invariance that makes its appearance in counting and combinatorics.

There is perhaps no part of mathematics that is more intimately connected with everyday experiences than probability theory and statistics. The element of chance dominates the physical world. Probability is the heart of physics, in particular — quantum physics. At the probability theory lies combinatorics. We make an observation in the combination of n objects taken r objects at a time. We find a sort of combinatorial gauge invariance hidden there in that the combination of �� objects taken �� at a time or �� − �� at a time is the same. It has been argued that the Pauli Exclusion Principle is not a principle or cause at all; rather it is an effect of the combinatorics which essentially delivers the Fermi Dirac Statistics. We explore the consequent applications in quantum mechanics and field theory with particle statistics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1424] viXra:2306.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2023-06-09 18:04:09

Grondvesten (Foundations)

Authors: Hans van Leunen
Comments: 360 Pages. In Dutch (Dit is onderdeel van het Hilbert Book Model project)

Het Hilbert Book Model project heeft deze publicatie opgeleverd. De zoektocht naar een betrouwbare basis van de fysieke werkelijkheid heeft veel tegenslagen gekend en verloopt traag. Als gevolg hiervan raakte de reguliere natuurkunde op een zijspoor. Kwantumveldentheorie, kwantumelektrodynamica en kwantumchromodynamica gebruiken het minimale actieprincipe als basis. Het Hilbert Book Model laat zien dat continuüms tot de derde fase van een speciale verzameling behoren en niet kunnen werken als basis van de wiskundige fysica. Dit document laat zien hoe de drie fasen van de speciale verzameling leiden tot een vectorruimte en getalsystemen, die van toepassing zijn op een systeem van Hilbertruimten waarin het lokale universum en een parallel multiversum kunnen optreden. Ook laat het document zien dat de wetenschap het Higgs-deeltje of het Higgs-veld niet als onderdeel van het standaardmodel moet beschouwen. In plaats daarvan zou het standaardmodel van de experimentele deeltjesfysici zich moeten beperken tot de elementaire fermionen. De meeste natuurkundigen interpreteren fotonen als excitaties van het elektrische veld. Daarentegen interpreteert het HBM fotonen als ketens van donkere energieobjecten, en de donkere energieobjecten zijn schokfronten die het veld verstoren en zodoende het lokale universum vertegenwoordigen. Hoplandingen van de toestandsvectoren van de fermionen produceren bolvormige schokfronten die met lichtsnelheid wegsnellen van de locatie van deze landing. Dit is in strijd met de ideeën van behoudswetten die in de reguliere natuurkunde spelen. Volgens het HBM heeft een oerknal nooit plaatsgevonden. Het model beschouwt twee gedeelten en aan het begin van het tweede gedeelte begint de tijd samen te lopen met een voortdurende schepping van fermionen.

The Hilbert Book Model project has produced this publication. The search for a reliable basis of physical reality has had many setbacks and is progressing slowly. As a result, mainstream physics got sidetracked. Quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics use the minimal action principle as a basis. The Hilbert Book Model shows that continuums belong to the third stage of a special set and cannot function as the basis of mathematical physics. This paper shows how the three phases of the special set lead to a vector space and number systems, applicable to a system of Hilbert spaces in which the local universe and a parallel multiverse can occur. The paper also shows that science should not consider the Higgs boson or the Higgs field part of the Standard Model. Instead, the experimental particle physicists' standard model should be limited to the elementary fermions.Most physicists interpret photons as excitations of the electric field. In contrast, the HBM interprets photons as chains of dark energy objects, and the dark energy objects are shock fronts that distort the field and thus represent the local universe. Hop landings of the fermions' state vectors produce spherical shock fronts that speed away from the location of this landing at the speed of light. This is contrary to the ideas of conservation laws at play in mainstream physics. According to the HBM, a big bang never happened. The model considers two parts, and at the beginning of the second part, time begins to coincide with a continuous creation of fermions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1423] viXra:2305.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-31 12:34:44

Model λ(φ^2n )_4,n≥2 Quantum Field Theory: A Nonstandard Approach Based on Nonstandard Pointwise-Defined Quantum Fields

Authors: Jaykov Foukzon
Comments: 30 Pages.

A new non-Archimedean approach to interacted quantum fields is presented. In proposed approach, a field operator φ(x,t) no longer a standard tempered operator-valued distribution, but a non-classical operator-valued function. We prove using this novel approach that the quantum field theory with Hamiltonian P(φ)_4 exists and that the corresponding C^*­ algebra of bounded observables satisfies all the Haag-Kastler axioms except Lorentz covariance. We prove that the λ(φ^2n )_4,n≥2 quantum field theory models are Lorentz covariant.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1422] viXra:2305.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-18 17:25:19

Zero Quantum Gravity

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 22 Pages.

Proposed here is a new approach to the known disparity between the 4d spacetime designs of quantum field theory (QFT) and general relativity (GR). The reason for calculus in physics, and how and why QFT developed as a flat 4d spacetime model, and why GR developed as a curved 4d spacetime model shall be outlined. The key difference between QFT and GR shall be confirmed as the notion of QFT relying on independent inertial frames of reference, and GR relying on inertial frames of reference dependent of each other. Following such a brief account of current attempts of uniting QFT and GR in their search for quantum gravity shall be outlined. In granting the disparity between QFT and GR and difficulty in proving quantum gravity a new approach forward is proposed that makes use of the QFT-GR disparity via a zero-dimensional number theory application to the known data of QFT and GR. By this zero-dimensional number theory, the QFT and GR data and associated disparity are confirmed, together with presenting a zero-dimensional quantum gravity paradigm termed as "zero quantum gravity" outlining QFT processes prescribing a proposed zero-point gravitational field effect.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1421] viXra:2305.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-13 02:45:49

Zeros of a Sigma-Additive Set Complex Function. the Case of the Fourier Transform

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 3 Pages.

A non-trivial interpretation of Fourier integral theorem in the framework of measure spaces.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1420] viXra:2305.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-12 00:20:25

The Foundations of Mathematical Physics and Its Relationship with Physical Reality

Authors: J. A. J. van Leunen
Comments: 135 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

The Hilbert Book Model project produced this publication. The search for a reliable foundation of physical reality has had many setbacks and is slow. As a result, mainstream physics got at a sidetrack. Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Electro Dynamics, and Quantum Chromodynamics use the minimal action principle as their base. The Hilbert Book Model shows that continuums belong to the third phase of a special set and cannot work as a foundation of mathematical physics. This document shows how the three phases of the special set lead to a vector space and number systems, which apply to a system of Hilbert spaces in which the local universe and a parallel multiverse can pose. Also, the document shows that science must not consider the Higgs particle or the Higgs field as part of the Standard Model. Instead, the Standard Model of experimental particle physicists should restrict to elementary fermions. Most physicists interpret photons as excitations of the electric field. In contrast, the HBM interprets photons as chains of dark energy objects, and the dark energy objects are shock fronts that excite the field, representing the local universe. Hop landings of the state vectors of the fermions produce spherical shock fronts that move with light speed away from the location of this landing. This conflicts with the ideas of conservation laws that play in mainstream physics. According to the HBM, a big bang never occurred. The model considers two episodes, and at the beginning of the second episode, time starts running together with an ongoing creation of fermions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1419] viXra:2305.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-05 04:33:19

Michelson-Morley Experiment Emission Theory vs Postulate 2 of Special Relativity

Authors: Quang Nguyen Van
Comments: 4 Pages.

Regarding the interference of the two light beams, We usually think of it as interference between two light beams of the same wavelength and frequency. However , if the interferometer of the Michelson-Morley experimental device accurately records the interference of the two beams of the same wavelength, that is negative evidence for the correctness of the postulate 2 of Special relativity.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1418] viXra:2305.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-04 09:56:13

Linear Dynamical Systems and Transient Terms

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 2 Pages.

Under very general hypotheses, the behavior of dynamical systems described by a linear first order differential equation is independent of the initial condition.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1417] viXra:2305.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-03 01:23:09

Euler Equation Compressible and Incompressible Fluids in 3D

Authors: Guillermo Ayala-Martinez
Comments: 2 Pages.

The equations of the compressible fluid are compared with those of the incompressible fluid in 3D, if there is an analytical solution with constant density it is also for variable density, but the continuity equation must include the variation of the density.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1416] viXra:2304.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-30 18:47:45

Minimal Fine Structure Constant Equation

Authors: Dwight Boddorf
Comments: 1 Page. author contact, boddorfsr@gmail.com

A simple equation yielding a plausible fine structure constant is presented.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1415] viXra:2304.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-21 00:11:58

From Holographic to Wilsonian Renormalisation Group: the Bulk/cut-Off Dictionary

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 14 Pages. (Abstract added to Article by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

We wish to systematically construct Wilsonian renormalisation group procedure of integrating infinitesimally thin momentum shells on the brane QFT directly from the bulk physics. To achieve this we will combine holographic renormalisation and establish a precise dictionary between a hard Wilsonian cut-off and quantities in the bulk.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1414] viXra:2304.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-19 17:03:14

Dbi Degeneracy from an RG Flow

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 10 Pages.

We recursively integrate out the entire bulk dilaton and generate a recurrence relation
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1413] viXra:2304.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-19 17:43:05

Notes on Quasiparticle Modes at an Exotic System

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 19 Pages.

A gedanken calculation of low-temperature properties of a string-inspired gauge theoryat finite density
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1412] viXra:2304.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-19 20:04:50

Notes on Hydrodynamics and Decoherence of Ideal Quantum Gases

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 44 Pages.

We present notes on hydrodynamics and decoherence of ideal quantum gases
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1411] viXra:2304.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:32:50

Hydrodynamical Limit of a Homogeneous Electron Gas

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: A scholarly abstract is required on the article in pdf - Please conform!)

We discuss interactions generated by non-linear coordinate transformation.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1410] viXra:2304.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:32:24

Seiberg-Witten and the Chemical Potential

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: A scholarly abstract is required on the article in pdf - Please conform!)

[This article is about Seiberg-Witten and the chemical potential.]
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1409] viXra:2304.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:31:25

Quantizing Phi^6 Oscillon

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 21 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: A scholarly abstract is required on the article in pdf - Please conform!)

[This article is about quantizing phi^6 Oscillon.]
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1408] viXra:2304.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:30:11

Abraham-Lorentz Force and the Dirac-Sea

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract is required on the article in pdf - Please conform!)

We describe two kinds of equations of motion in classical electrodynamics, there are dynamicallaws for the charges and the equations for the electromagnetic (EM) field.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1407] viXra:2304.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:25:34

Quasi Photons

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 8 Pages.

We describe a harmonic oscillator with negative norm.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1406] viXra:2304.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-20 01:28:36

Radiation in Polarizable Medium

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 21 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: A scholarly abstract is required on the article in pdf - Please conform!)

[This article is about radiation in polarizable medium.]
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1405] viXra:2304.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-18 11:19:27

The Navier-Stokes Equations from a Minimal Effective Field Theory

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 4 Pages.

We use an effective Schwinger-Keldysh field theory of long-range massless modes to derive the Navier-Stokes equations as an energy-momentum balance equation. The fluid will be invariant under the linear subgroup of the volume-preserving diffeomorphisms, which are the non-linear, time-independent spatial translations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1404] viXra:2304.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-18 11:22:42

Oscillons

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 2 Pages.

We can apply semi-classical quantization to oscillon $phi (x)$ by dividing the field into rectangles of a small width, like the Riemann integral by splitting the curve into rectangles and summing them.Each rectangle acts as a spatially homogeneous field and the results obtained with the Mathieu equation can be used for local quantization. All of these regions then have to be summed and a meaningful result is hopefully obtained
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1403] viXra:2304.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-18 14:33:24

Weird Fluids

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 3 Pages.

We argue that only conformal anomaly can contribute to fourth order hydrodynamics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1402] viXra:2304.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-18 14:53:42

Notes on Strong Disorder

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 9 Pages.

We argue that momentum-dependent constants can be fixed by matching near-boundary and near-horizon geometries.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1401] viXra:2304.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-18 15:12:09

Symmetry of the Conductivity Matrix

Authors: Matthew Stephenson
Comments: 2 Pages.

We consider a conductivity matrix on a non-compact manifold.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1400] viXra:2304.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-14 01:35:38

Fluid Dynamics Equations, a Possible Analytical Solution

Authors: Guillermo Ayala-Martinez
Comments: 3 Pages.

Fluid equations have practical importance in aeronautical and naval engineering, and in meteorology . An analytical solution is proposed, that reduces the equations to a single equation and also to heat equation, the solutions of the one dimensional equation allows obtaining analytical solutions in two and theree dimensions. Analytical solutions allow a better understanding of fluids in motion.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1399] viXra:2304.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-14 01:47:16

Vortons in Fluid Mechanics, Magnetohydrodynamics, and Cosmology

Authors: Michael Isaac Aksman
Comments: 13 Pages. (Author name added to article by viXra Admin as required)

The 3D Euler equations of incompressible inviscid fluid mechanics develop singularities on timescales on the order of vortex rotations. Solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous flow are smooth for all time, but they bifurcate and are not unique [6-8]. The 3D Navier-Stokes equations have an inviscid attractor that exhibits inviscid turbulence and dissipation ref.[1- 5, 10]. The simplest solenoid vortex singularity is the vorton ref.[1-5]. Vortex tubes may be represented as superposition of vortons ref.[1- 5]. Magnetic vorton tubes reconnect ref.[3-5,14].The instability of vorton collapse in 3D and quasi 3D ref.[3-5] may explain the dimensionality of physical space, the dynamics of galaxies in the Universe, dark matter, and dark energy ref.[12, 15].
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1398] viXra:2304.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-10 18:15:48

The Theory of Self-variation

Authors: Emmanuil Manousos
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this article we formulate the theory of Self-variation in N-dimensional Riemannian spacetime. We present main conclusions of the theory, such as the unified interaction, the generalized particle, and a justification of the cosmological data.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1397] viXra:2304.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-04 09:12:06

Chaotic Oscillations in a Piecewise Linear Spring-Mass System

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 9 Pages.

The dynamic evolution of a a piecewise linear spring-mass system in a viscous medium subjected to a periodic external force is characterized by the presence of bifurcations, therefore by deterministic chaos.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1396] viXra:2304.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-04 23:45:46

Hamiltonian Chaos and the Fractal Topology of Spacetime (Part 2)

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 9 Pages.

This is Part 2 of the brief tutorial "Hamiltonian Chaos and the Fractal Topology of Spacetime" posted at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369584882
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1395] viXra:2303.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-28 16:52:50

Hamiltonian Chaos and the Fractal Topology of Spacetime (Part 1)

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 15 Pages.

Fractals and multifractals are self-similar structures endowed with continuous dimensions. This tutorial traces the origins of fractal spacetime to the universal features of Hamiltonian chaos, conjectured to develop far above the Fermi scale. A representative signature of Hamiltonian chaos is the fragmentation of phase-space into islands of stability embedded within ergodic layers. Fractal topology of Hamiltonian chaos may account for the multiply connected structure of the large-scale Universe, hinted by recent cosmological data. These observations raise the possibility that gravitational physics and Quantum Field Theory emerge from the chaotic regime of the early Universe.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1394] viXra:2303.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-25 02:17:58

Lorentz Covariance of the Octonion Covariant Derivative

Authors: Richard D. Lockyer
Comments: 12 Pages.

The Octonion covariant derivative form applied to an inertial frame of reference velocity transformation requires Lorentz covariance if the two components in rotational and irrotational field types are to maintain proper relative sign and equivalent scale post transformation. Similar to the other Octonion fields different from the magnetic and electric fields, the expected hyperbolic rotation of electric field into the magnetic field and magnetic field into electric field are produced by application of the covariant derivative on Octonion potential function algebraic elements. Also presented are 8-current, 8-work-force and Octonion Poynting vector covariant forms for inertial frame of reference velocity transformations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1393] viXra:2303.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-01 08:42:04

Michelson-Morley Experiment Why!

Authors: Quang Nguyen Van
Comments: 3 Pages.

Michelson - Morley experiment is the Most famous "failed" experiment. Why the experimental results is negative?
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1392] viXra:2302.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-17 12:09:59

Why Bell’s Experiment is Meaningless

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 3 Pages. Only comments directed to the content. I am happy to explain but I don't bow for intimidation.

We demonstrate that a Bell experiment asks the impossible of a Kolmogorovian correlation. An Einstein locality explanation in Bell’s format is therefore excluded beforehand by way of the experimental and statistical method followed.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1391] viXra:2302.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-15 22:35:26

Nonequilibrium Dynamics and General Relativity

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 11 Pages.

Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) is a universal model of nonequilibrium dynamical systems. Focusing on the primordial stages of cosmological evolution, this work points out that the connection between CGLE and the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation bridges the gap between fluid flows and the mathematics of General Relativity (GR).
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1390] viXra:2302.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-12 23:58:03

Non-Volatility Property and Pinched Hysteresis Loops of 2-terminal Devices and Memristors

Authors: Makoto Itoh
Comments: Pages.

It is well known that memristors can be classified into the four classes according to the complexity of their mathematical representation. Furthermore, the four classes of memristors are used to qualitatively simulate many of the experimentally measured pinched hysteresis loops. In this paper, we define the 2-terminal devices, which do not belong to the above four classes of memristors, but have the same non-volatile property as the ideal memristor. We then study the non-volatile mechanism of these devices and the memristors that can retain the previous value of the state even when the driving signal is set to zero. We show that the ideal generic memristors and the generalized 2-terminal devices can have interesting applications: non-volatile multi-valued memories and two-element chaotic oscillators, if we remove the condition that no state change occurs after the zero driving signal. We also show that the 2-terminal devices and the four classes of memristors can exhibit a wide variety of pinched hysteresis loops similar to those measured experimentally. Furthermore, we show that a wide variety of Lissajous curves are possible, depending on whether the direction of the Lissajous curve is clockwise or counterclockwise and which quadrants the Lissajous curve passes through.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1389] viXra:2302.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-07 12:11:02

Using Saint-Venant Equations for Liquid Flows

Authors: Vitaliy Budarin
Comments: 9 Pages.

The method is based on the use of geometry rules for a continuous medium in the form of the Saint-Venant equations. The article transforms the compatibility equations in order to use them in fluid mechanics. The transformation is performed within the framework of the averaged turbulence model and does not use additional restrictions. The resulting compatibility equations for a liquid take into account the influence of the linear (ux, uy, uz) and angular (ωx, ωy, ωz) particle rotation speeds. This means that they describe the turbulent flow mode. Using the conditions ω = 0 or u = 0 allows us to obtain two special cases that are designed for laminar flow and vortex flow with a fixed axis.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1388] viXra:2302.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-06 02:05:50

Nonequilibrium Dynamics and High Energy Physics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 12 Pages.

The time dependent Ginzburg Landau equation (TGLE) is a prototype model of non-equilibrium statistical physics and critical phenomena. This brief report points out that, applying TGLE to the chaotic dynamics of interacting fields hints to unexpected solutions to the challenges confronting high-energy theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1387] viXra:2301.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-25 12:38:22

Spin-Statistics Theorem from the Stuart-Landau Equation

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 10 Pages.

The Stuart-Landau (SL) equation describes the universal behavior of nonlinear oscillators near a Hopf bifurcation. Focusing on the ultraviolet sector of field theory, the goal of this brief report is to explore the relationship between the SL equation and the spin-statistics theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT).
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1386] viXra:2301.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-18 12:16:19

Theorems on Power Signals in Electrical Circuits with Sinusoidal Voltage and Current Signals

Authors: Aloys J. Sipers, Joh. J. Sauren
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper four theorems are stated: the first one is on expressions for a power signal in which the definition of the associated power (��) is introduced. The second one is on the uniqueness of impedances underlying an electrical power signal. The third one is on some properties of the power signal with respect to the active power �� and the reactive power ��. The fourth one deals with the conservation of power in a cicuit. Numerical examples provided illustrate the scope of the theorems.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1385] viXra:2301.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-18 02:31:22

Constructive QFT: A Condensed Math Point of View II

Authors: Juno Ryu
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this series, we show a road map to prove the existence of φ^4 quantum field theory over 4-d spacetime. We suggest a new axiomatic approach on constructive quantum field theory via condensed mathematics. The goal is to extend this new approach to cover the mathematical viability of field theories of standard model and beyond.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1384] viXra:2301.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-12 11:54:31

Dark Matter and Dark Energy Found

Authors: Sven Gohlke
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Reality-Sucks theory can compute both, the dark matter and the dark energy, in the required range. The ratio between dark and ordinary matter is estimated between 83.0 % and 85.7 %. Dark matter and dark energy together constitute between 94.4 % and 95.8 % of the total mass-energy content. Similar results should be obtained using the Λ-CDM model.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1383] viXra:2301.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-06 02:24:16

Thermal and Particle Diffusion Waves Describe the Relative Mass of Free Standard Model Particles

Authors: Andreas Mandelis, J. Howard O. Slater
Comments: 30 Pages.

Thermal Diffusion Wave (Thermon) and Particle Diffusion Wave (PDW) equations, when combined in steady state, non-linear logistic equilibrium, describe a harmonic distribution of the 15 free Standard Model particles (SM) with known masses when interacting as a single ensemble. This gives a new hypothesis enabling the computation of the relative masses of free SM particles. The hypothesis is validated independently by experimentally-determined masses of SM particles and requires a continuous thermal energy supply. Concomitantly with particle mass determination, other aspects of the model describe, for example, the appearance of dynamics resembling gravitational and universe time properties.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1382] viXra:2301.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-02 23:47:42

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vii): Charting Infinity Using the Riemann Zeta Function and Ramanujan Summation in Deriving Dimensional Number Paradigms

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 37 Pages.

Proposed here is a zero-dimensional number theory for physical phenomena through charting the concept of infinity in using the Riemann zeta function and Ramanujan summation. The key common dimensional basis here is zero-dimensional time as a moment, and zero-dimensional space as an infinitesimal point. Key to the derived number theory are derived dimensional number paradigms, numbers derived from the proposed intertwining of zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space that by their intertwining result in key numbers and associated equations that underwrite the known physical phenomenal equations intrinsic to physics. Examples of these numbers are the values for the golden ratio, Euler’s identity, π, and the numbers 10, 12, and -1/12. These number paradigms are then able to, by their defined dimensional basis and thence intertwining, derive known constants and associated equations of physical phenomena such as the fine structure constant, Planck’s constant, and gravitational constant to name a few. By such, it is shown that the proposed zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space axioms and their derived dimensional number paradigms represent the core underlying code of physical reality.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1381] viXra:2301.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2023-01-01 00:28:40

Octonion Dynamics

Authors: Richard D. Lockyer
Comments: 36 Pages.

The relativistic 4D space-time cover of Electrodynamics gives a roadmap for the creation of a potential function-based field theory within the algebraic structure of Octonion Algebra. Understanding the true algebraic nature of axial and polar vector types tells us which six Octonion basis components cover the electric and magnetic field types. Increasing the total dimension count from space-time 4 to Octonion 8 provides additional degrees of freedom required to accommodate Gravitation within the same structure. The Octonion framework for mathematical physics is presented in an algebraic covariant fashion. The Octonion Algebra forms for the analogous Maxwell’s Equations, physical fields, forces, work, energy and momentum conservation are presented. The importance of structuring the Octonion forms in an algebraic orientation covariant fashion is abundantly clear in this presentation.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1380] viXra:2212.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-29 11:25:59

Charging the Reality-Sucks Theory

Authors: Sven Gohlke
Comments: 6 Pages.

I extend the Reality-Sucks theory with gravitation, kinetic energy, electric charge and temperature.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1379] viXra:2212.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-29 00:06:30

Determination of the Mass and Half-Life of a Boson Generated from an Energy Level of Zero Value

Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper we study the possibility of creating matter by analyzing the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation for a quantum state of zero energy.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1378] viXra:2212.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-25 15:08:45

Effective Field Theory as Asymptotic Regime of Chaotic Dynamics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages.

We argue here that the onset of classical chaos above the Fermi scale underlies the construction of Effective Field Theory (EFT). According to this view, particle physics and gravitational dynamics are low-energy manifestations of chaotic behavior and multifractal geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1377] viXra:2212.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-25 03:34:27

Constructive QFT: A Condensed Math Point of View Part I

Authors: Juno Ryu
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this series, we show a road map to prove the existence of φ^4 quantum field theory over 4-d Euclidean spacetime. We suggest a new axiomatic approach on constructive quantum field theory via condensed mathematics. The goal is to extend this new approach to cover the mathematical viability of field theories of standard model and beyond.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1376] viXra:2212.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-22 11:11:43

The Problem of the Causality in the Atomic World

Authors: Klaus-Dieter Wantke
Comments: 227 Pages.

Interaction theories are usually based on a elativistically invarieant Lagrange function. This function is generally known and accepted for the electromagnetic interaction. The variation of that Lagrangian leads to the system of the coupled Maxwell-Dirac equations. It contains a non-linear term. If you neglect this term, you obtain the well-known linear Dirac equation and rules for determining the correct values of the spectral lines of atoms. However, one cannot describe the radiation process and has to introduce the quantum hypothesis. But, if the non-linear term is also taken into account, there are solutions of the system what describe the emission of "quantum jumps" in space and time with correct frequencies. This is demonstrated in the presented work for hydrogen and helium atoms. It explains the entangled eigenfunctions in the context of a classical mear-field theory. Further problems like diffraction effects, photo effects and relativistic transformation of the field tensor are discussed. Aim of the work is a proposal of an alternative to the statistical interpretation of the quantum theory in context of a classical near-field theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1375] viXra:2212.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-16 02:20:25

Knot, Refractive Index and Phase Singularity

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 1 Page.

We treat the geometrical optics as an Abelian $U(1)$ local gauge theory the same as the Abelian $U(1)$ Maxwell's gauge theory. We propose there exists a knot in a 3-dimensional Euclidean (flat) space of the geometrical optics (the eikonal equation) as a consequence there exists a knot in the Maxwell's theory in a vacuum. We formulate the Chern-Simons integral using an eikonal. We obtain the relation between the knot (the geometric optical helicity, an integer number) and the refractive index. We propose that the nature of the singularities of the phase is determined by the fact that the gauge potential is a smooth single-valued function of its variables.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1374] viXra:2212.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-14 13:08:36

The Reinterpretation of the Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Authors: Andreas Martin
Comments: 32 Pages.

This publication contains a mathematical approach for a reinterpretation of the electromagnetic wave equation given a magnetic and electric field density. The basis for this is the essay"The Reinterpretation of the 'Maxwell Equations'" (Martin, 2021). In this paper it is shownthat there is a magnetic field density due to the fact that div u20d7B is equal to (Sp)grad Bu20d7 .The same approach applies to the electric field density. The consequence of this is that boththe magnetic field density and the electric field density not only play an important role in the"Maxwell equations", but also in the calculation of the electromagnetic wave equation.In this publication, the electromagnetic wave equation is calculated with the help of vectorcalculus. First, the individual components of the magnetic wave and the individual components of the electric wave are derived.Furthermore, it is shown that the individual components of the two types of waves result inthree different directions of movement, which the respective field can theoretically achieve inthe direction of propagation. In addition, the Poynting vector shows a longitudinal energywave in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, which is suitable for energy transport.As already mentioned, the calculations made in this elaboration are based on the principles ofvector calculation and show a transverse wave component, a longitudinal and a combinedwave component of the electromagnetic wave.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1373] viXra:2212.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-09 12:27:12

Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones a la Física

Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general nsymbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, and respectively.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1372] viXra:2212.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-06 01:59:32

Constante de Structure Fine: Son Fondement Mathématique
Fine Structure Constant: Its Mathematical Foundation

Authors: Miguel Aparicio
Comments: 28 Pages. In French

Cet article montre comment fonctionnent les nombres dans un Univers aux principes conformes à ceuxsupposés à notre Univers et, en conséquence, comment fonctionne notre Univers.

This article shows how numbers work in a Universe whose principles conform to those supposed to our Universe and, consequently, how our Universe functions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1371] viXra:2212.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-05 12:40:22

A Query Relating to Irreversible Thermodynamics

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: 2 Pages.

Relatively recent work highlighting the quaternion formulation of Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations has provoked a re-emergence of the work of Bridgman dating back to the 1920’s and this, in turn, raises interesting thoughts concerning the basis of present-day irreversible thermodynamics. Here several questions are considered briefly to, hopefully, provoke further thought and discussion.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1370] viXra:2212.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:21:42

The Discrepancy Between the Implicit Assumptions in the Field Definition and the Objective Reality is the Main Cause of Many Theoretical Errors in Modern Physics

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 5 Pages. In Chinese

There is an implicit assumption in the definition of field (gravitational field, electric field and magnetic field): assuming that there is a unit point field source (unit point mass or unit positive point charge) on the observation point P, the force it receives (gravity, The size and direction of the Coulomb force and magnetic force) are the size and direction of the strength of the field at this point. When the field is further extended to be a continuous and differentiable function in space-time, the above implicit assumption is further expanded to: there is a point field source of one unit at all spatial positions in space-time. The objective reality is that the distribution of field sources in space-time is neither continuous nor stable. As a result, many physical theories, theorems and laws based on fields and field theories cannot be consistent with objective facts. Such as: the law of electromagnetic induction, Gauss's law, Hubble's law, Maxwell's equations, the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory, etc. This article conducts some discussion and certification on this point, and I hope that interested friends will provide more valuable opinions and suggestions.

场(万有引力场、电场和磁场)的定义中隐含了一个假设:假设观测点P点上存在一个一个单位的点场源(单位点质量或单位正点电荷),它所受到的力(万有引力、库仑力和磁力)的大小与方向即为该点上的场的强度的大小与方向。当将场进一步拓展为在时空中为连续可导的函数时,则上述隐含的假设被进一步扩充为:时空中所有的空间位置上均存在一个一个单位的点场源。而客观实际情况是:场源在时空中的分布并非连续,也非稳定不变的。由此导致了诸多以场和场论为基础的物理学理论、定理和定律就不可能与客观事实相符了。如:电磁感应定律、高斯定律、哈勃定律、麦克斯韦方程组、相对论、量子力学和宇宙大爆炸论等。本文就此进行一些探讨与认证,希望有兴趣的朋友们多提宝贵意见与建议。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1369] viXra:2212.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:38:42

Diagram of the Relationship Between Field and Force and the Cause Analysis of the Misunderstanding of the Nature of the Field

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

There is an implicit assumption in the definition of field (gravitational field, electric field and magnetic field): assuming that there is a unit point field source (unit point mass or unit positive point charge) on the observation point P, the force it receives (gravity, The size and direction of the Coulomb force and magnetic force) are the size and direction of the strength of the field at this point. When the field is further extended to be a continuous and differentiable function in space-time, the above implicit assumption is further expanded to: there is a point field source of one unit at all spatial positions in space-time. The objective reality is that the distribution of field sources in space-time is neither continuous nor stable. As a result, many physical theories, theorems and laws based on fields and field theories cannot be consistent with objective facts. Such as: the law of electromagnetic induction, Gauss's law, Hubble's law, Maxwell's equations, the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory, etc. This article discusses the relationship between field and force in a graphical way, and on this basis points out the reasons why most people misunderstand the nature of field at present. Valuable comments and suggestions.

场(万有引力场、电场和磁场)的定义中隐含了一个假设:假设观测点P点上存在一个一个单位的点场源(单位点质量或单位正点电荷),它所受到的力(万有引力、库仑力和磁力)的大小与方向即为该点上的场的强度的大小与方向。当将场进一步拓展为在时空中为连续可导的函数时,则上述隐含的假设被进一步扩充为:时空中所有的空间位置上均存在一个一个单位的点场源。而客观实际情况是:场源在时空中的分布并非连续,也非稳定不变的。由此导致了诸多以场和场论为基础的物理学理论、定理和定律就不可能与客观事实相符了。如:电磁感应定律、高斯定律、哈勃定律、麦克斯韦方程组、相对论、量子力学和宇宙大爆炸论等。本文以图解的方式对场与力的关系进行一些探讨,并在此基础上指出目前大多数人对场的本质存在误读的原因进行一些分析、探讨与认证,希望有兴趣的朋友们多提宝贵意见与建议。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1368] viXra:2212.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:41:29

The Complete Evidence Chain Fully Proves That the Law of Interaction Between Light and Medium is That the Incident Light Makes the Medium a Secondary Light Source

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

After the light interacts with the medium, all the characteristics of the light will be changed, including but not limited to the transmission direction of the light, the phase of the light, the amplitude of the light, the frequency of the light, the wavelength of the light, the speed of the light, etc. However, people's understanding of what light is is still not completely unified. Some people think that light is an electromagnetic wave, some think that light is a photon, and some even think that light has a wave-particle duality. Through my long-term research, I found that light is neither an electromagnetic wave nor a photon, nor does it have wave-particle duality. Light is only one of the manifestations of Coulomb force and magnetic force that exists between charges, and cannot exist independently of charges/light sources. This is a conclusion drawn from a comprehensive study of all physical phenomena and experimental results related to light. This article focuses on the evidence chain formed by many evidences of the law of interaction between light and media to discuss related issues, in order to correct the current misunderstanding of the nature of light.

光与介质作用后会改变光的所有特征,包括但不限于光的传递方向、光的相位、光的振幅、光的频率、光的波长、光的速度等。但人们对光到底是什么的认识至今仍未能完全统一,有认为光是电磁波的,也有认为光是光子的,更有认为光具有波粒二相性。通过本人长时间的研究发现:光既不是电磁波,也不是光子,更没有波粒二相性。光只是电荷之间才存在的库仑力和磁力的表现形式之一,并不能脱离电荷/光源而独立存在。这是通过对所有与光有关的物理现象与实验结果的全面研究所得出的结论。本文重点以光与介质相互作用规律的诸多证据所形成的证据链来探讨相关问题,以期纠正目前人们对光的本质的错误认识。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1367] viXra:2212.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:43:40

Evidence Analysis of Several Experimental Results Relating to the Speed U200bu200bof Light and Discussion on the Correct Method of Measuring the Speed U200bu200bof Light

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 6 Pages.

The speed of light is one of the most basic issues in many physical researches at present, but there is no conclusive, reliable, systematic and systematic evidence to prove who determines the speed of light or what are the main factors. This paper intends to analyze in detail the physical significance and evidence effectiveness of several existing experimental observations related to the speed of light, and proposes a correct method for measuring the speed of light. In order to completely unravel the mystery of the speed of light.

光速是目前诸多物理研究中最基本的问题之一,但并没有确凿的、证据效力充分可靠系的、统性的证据证明光速到底由谁决定或由哪些主要因素决定。本文拟以目前已有的几个与光速有关的实验观测结果的物理意义、证据效力进行详细的分析,并据此提出正确测量光速的方法。以期彻底解开光速之迷。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1366] viXra:2212.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:45:37

Analysis of the Essential Factors of Momentum and Kinetic Energy Conservation in Completely Elastic Collision Conditions

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

The conservation of momentum and kinetic energy under the condition of a perfectly elastic collision is a well-known common sense, but the analysis and research data on its internal factors are not common, so this paper will explore and discuss it. I hope that interested friends will give more comments and suggestions.According to the general law that the change of the state of motion of matter with mass must be the result of the action of force, we can naturally think that the law of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy under the condition of a completely elastic collision should be the interaction between two colliding objects. Determined by the action force: when two objects collide with each other, the contact surface is simultaneously subjected to an action force and a reaction force of equal magnitude but opposite directions, so that each other quickly reduces the speed of motion and changes the speed and direction of motion. We assume that the interaction force during the collision does not change with time, then the force of the collision has exactly the same start and end time of the variable speed motion imposed by the collision, and the collision will first decelerate and then accelerate. Of course, there is no transfer of so-called momentum or energy in this process.

完全弹性碰撞条件下的动量和动能守恒是广为共知的常识,但就其内在因素的分析与研究资料并不常见,本文就此进行一些探索与讨论。希望有兴趣的朋友们多提意见与建议。按照有质量物质运动状态的改变必定是力的作用之结果的普遍规律,我们可以很自然地想到:完全弹性碰撞条件下的动量和动能守恒定律应该是两个碰撞物体间相互碰撞时产生的相互作用力决定的:当两个物体相互碰撞时,接触面同时受到大小相等但方向相反的作用力与反作用力使彼此快速降低运动速度并改变运动速度与方向。我们假设碰撞过程中的相互作用力不随时间变化,则碰撞的作用力对碰撞双方所施加的变速运动的开始与结束时间完全一致,碰撞会使双方先减速后加速。此过程当然不存在所谓的动量或能量的传递。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1365] viXra:2212.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:48:30

Humans Have Never Seen Light Itself, Only the Luminous Body That is Shining

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

If it is said that humans have never seen light itself, no one may believe it, but it should be an indisputable fact. Because there is no light that can exist independently without the light source/charge, light is only one of the manifestations of the Coulomb force and magnetic force interaction between charges, and of course it cannot be seen. What people see in daily life is the luminous body → the charged particle group vibrating at the frequency of visible light, and they interact with the charged particles on the retina in the human eye by Coulomb force and magnetic force, thus producing a corresponding electrochemical reaction After the corresponding information is generated and transmitted to the visual system of the brain, the talent has the vision of seeing the luminous body. This article starts some discussions on this, hoping to get corrections from interested friends.

如果说人类从未看到过光本身,可能不会有任何人相信,但这应该是不争的事实。因为根本不存在能脱离光源/电荷而独立存在的光,光只是电荷之间才存在的库仑力和磁力相互作用的表现形式之一,当然不可能被看到。人们日常所看到的是发光体→正在以可见光频率段的频率振动的带电粒子群体,它们与人眼中的视网膜上的带电粒子间进行着库仑力和磁力相互作用,从而产生了相应的电化反应并产生相应的信息传递到大脑视觉系统后,人才产生了看到了发光体的视觉。本文就此展开一些讨论,希望得到有兴趣的朋友们的斧正。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1364] viXra:2212.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:50:53

The Basis and Verification Method of the Single Slit Diffracted Light as the Secondary Light Generated by the Edge of the Slit

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 5 Pages.

Many people have carried out single-slit diffraction experiments and obtained a series of experimental research results, but these results cannot be explained by electromagnetic waves or photons at the same time. After a long period of research, I found that these research results can be perfectly explained by using the secondary light generated by the edge of the slit with diffracted light. This article discusses this and proposes further inspection and verification methods. I hope that interested and qualified friends will participate in the next step of inspection and verification.

有不少人进行过单缝衍射实验并取得了一系列的实验研究成果,但这些成果均无法用光是电磁波或光子来同时解释。经本人长时间研究发现:用衍射光是由缝隙边缘产生的次生光则可以完美地解释这些研究成果。本文就此进行一些讨论并提出进一步检验验证方法,希望有兴趣和有条件的朋友们参与下一步的检验与验证工作。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1363] viXra:2212.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-04 01:55:28

Use Four Principles to Simultaneously Explain 70 Physical Phenomena and Experimental Results Related to the Nature of Light

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 17 Pages.

After my long-term research, I can explain many physical problems and experimental results related to light only from the most basic Coulomb's law of electromagnetism and Biot-Savart's law. The relevant four basic principles (tentative name) or they are called rules, and use these four principles to explain 70 common physical phenomena and experimental results related to light at the same time, and all of them are effective. It is hoped that more questions related to light will be collected through this article to further test the applicability and reliability of these four criteria. If these four criteria can explain more and more common physical phenomena and experimental results related to light, and none of them can be explained, it will prove that the closer these four criteria are to the objective reality, the closer to the truth. The understanding and summary of the nature of light and the law of interaction between light and medium will be more accurate and objective by these four principles.

经过本人长期的研究,仅从电磁学的最基本的库仑定律和毕奥——沙伐尔定律出发,即可解释诸多与光有关的物理问题与实验结果,在此基础上总结出了与光有关的四条基本准则(暂定名)或称其为规则,并利用此四条准则同时解释了70个与光有关的常见物理现象与实验结果而无一不灵。希望通过本文征集到更多与光有关的问题来进一步检验这四条准则的适用性、可靠性。如果这四条准则能对越多的、与光有关的常见物理现象与实验结果进行解释而无一不能解释时,就会证明这四条准则越接近客观实际,越接近真理。这四条准则对光的本质及光与介质相互作用规律的认识和总结也就越准确、越客观。
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1362] viXra:2212.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-01 16:27:24

Thoughts on the Existence of an Aether

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies, Rich Norman
Comments: 11 Pages.

Several neglected papers from the last century are resurrected and their contents analysed in order to revisit the question of whether or not there is an aether. The results of that query lead to suggesting possible new approaches to many fundamental ideas in physics. Negative energy and the primacy of thermodynamics in universal processes are discussed.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1361] viXra:2211.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-29 03:36:11

Geometrical Optics as an Abelian U(1) Local Gauge Theory

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: Written in English, 1 page, no figure.

We point out that geometrical optics can be treated as an Abelian $U(1)$ local gauge theory and we observe what it implies.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1360] viXra:2211.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-22 04:55:41

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vi): Charting the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize Problems and Beal Conjecture

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 31 Pages.

Explored here are the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize problems, namely the Poincaré conjecture, the Hodge conjecture, the Riemann hypothesis, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, the Yang-Mills existence and mass gap problem, the Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness problem, and the P versus NP problem. Here is identified how the possible solutions to each of these problems can be of use to physical theories. To be charted here therefore for each of these problems is their relevance to dimensional number theory in their application to physical theories, and if indeed a common dimensional number theory basis can solve these problems, and if so how, and if not why. In this charting process, it is found that curved 4d spacetime is an unlikely solution basis given the failure of the currently accepted solution to the Poincaré conjecture to solving the remaining problems. A new dimensional number theory basis is therefore proposed as a solution for the problems, and their solutions identified. By such, new solutions are also formed for Fermat’s conjecture, Goldbach’s conjecture, the twin prime problem, and the Beal conjecture.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1359] viXra:2211.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-20 00:03:49

Kolmogorov Entropy and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 11 Pages. Part 1

We argue here that the high-energy behavior of fundamental interactions can be interpreted as manifestation of Kolmogorov (-K) entropy. The conventional classification of fields based on Poincaré symmetry appears to be rooted in the chaotic regime of nonlinear dynamics far above the Standard Model scale
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1358] viXra:2211.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-16 02:34:02

The Need for Restrictions, with Mathematical Description Physical Processes

Authors: Aleksander Maltsev
Comments: 8 Pages. In Russian

The subject of the study was the validity of claims of excessive mathematicalization of physics. To solve the problem, the individuality and interrelation of constituent components of Nature is accepted as an axiom. The description of individuality and interrelation, on the basis of positive and negative feedback is offered. Positive feedback describes the polar interaction. Negative feedback describes the mutual dependence of the components. The appearance of symbiosis is shown, as well as the evolution of the dual connection. Restrictions of the system's physical minimum and preservation of its functionality are considered. The practical impossibility of creating stable particles from unstable ones is postulated. An explanation of constants and existence of mathematical limitations in describing the reality is obtained. Necessity of restrictions of mathematics application is shown, at the description of physical processes. The results of restrictions on the application of mathematics in physics are considered.Key words: physical sense, image, form, abstraction, efficiency, duality, mutual dependence, functionality, uroboros, emptiness.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1357] viXra:2211.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-13 13:51:21

About the Description of Nature

Authors: Sven Gohlke
Comments: 13 Pages.

I develop a variable-speed-of-light model as an alternative to the astronomical standard model. It combines quantum and relativistic physics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1356] viXra:2211.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-04 01:23:13

De Tegenslagen van de Theoretische Natuurkunde (The Misadventures of Theoretical Physics)

Authors: Hans van Leunen
Comments: 122 Pages. (English Translation added by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

De zoektocht naar een betrouwbare basis van de fysieke werkelijkheid heeft veel tegenslagen gekend en verloopt traag. Er werden zijwegen genomen die niet tot het gewenste doel leidden. Dit document laat zien dat er een alternatief pad is dat leidt tot een beter resultaat. Dit resultaat kan in één zin worden weergegeven. Deze zeer korte samenvatting behoeft wel de nodige uitleg. Het documnt geeft deze uitleg. Het document toont ook de relatie tussen de basis en verschillende aspecten van de natuurkunde, zoals kwantumfysica, klassieke fysica, optica en kosmologie.

The search for a reliable basis of physical reality has seen many setbacks and progresses slowly. Side roads were taken that did not lead to the desired goal. This document shows that there is an alternative path that leads to a better result. This result can be displayed in one sentence. This very short summary does require some explanation. The document provides this explanation. The paper also shows the relationship between the basics and various aspects of physics, such as quantum physics, classical physics, optics and cosmology.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1355] viXra:2211.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-02 01:06:25

A Model for Combining Classical and Quantum Physics Based on Lorentz Invariants (Part 2)

Authors: Aleksander Maltsev
Comments: 15 Pages. In Russian

A mathematical description of the phase transition of matter from the solid state to the liquid state, gas, and the difference of matter's energy, in a rectilinear motion and in the gaseous state, has been obtained. The transition of linear motion into rotational motion is explained. The transformation, presented, is analogous to the motion that creates a new degree of dimensionality. Transformation of physical vacuum into matter is represented by the analog of gas condensation into a solid state. The cause of neutron instability in the free state is considered. A variant of the origin of matter and physical vacuum from the previous state is proposed. The existence of the present as a mediator between the past and the future is analyzed. Evolution of the Universe in Space and Time is described. Astonishment is expressed by the coincidence of the description of the Universe evolution with the ancient Greek description of the Ouroboros.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1354] viXra:2210.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-31 01:10:43

An [Attempt at] Refutation of General Relativity and Quantum Theories

Authors: Manfred U. E. Pohl
Comments: 3 Pages.

It is briefly shown that all physical theories that fall back on a mathematical application of the circle number π as an irrational dimensionless number are irrational and incorrect in their explanatory content, since they divide the physical dimensions of space (L) and time (T) into an incorrect and make an irrational connection.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1353] viXra:2210.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-31 01:12:19

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (V): Information, Energy, Efficiency, and Intelligence

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 12 Pages.

Proposed here is the case for a number theory derived from a mathematical description of zero-dimensional time (as a moment) and zero-dimensional space (as a point) as the underlying mathematical information base of physical phenomena. In support of this, the proposed zero-dimensional number theory is scaled with the charge of the electron and speed of light to translate into a physical theory confirming known mathematical descriptions of physical phenomena together with proposing new mathematical descriptions for physical phenomena that physics has yet to attain by its current mathematical approach. Specifically, examined here is how this process of physical theory formulation prescribes the contemporary ideas of information, energy, efficiency, and intelligence. By such, the modern scientific method is examined and found both problematic and limited in attempting to relate numbers and geometry directly to physical phenomena. Proposed here therefore is the case for the zero-dimensional number theory as the core mathematical information base of physical phenomena as per its indirect physical phenomenal route of mathematical and geometric execution.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1352] viXra:2210.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-31 01:36:24

Tetravalent Logic in Mathematics and Physics

Authors: Sébastien Lablanche, Gérard Lablanche
Comments: 499 Pages.

In this work, we solve the main mathematical puzzles of the UMMO file which contains severalthousand postal letters sent since the 1960s addressing many fields such as philosophy, mathematics, human sciences, biology, cosmology, theoretical physics, among others. "The UMMO affair" refers to more than 200 listed documents, representing at least 1300 typed pages (the "Ummite letters"), which are said to have been sent since 1966 to numerous recipients, in particular in Spain and France by editors - the Ummites - claiming to be extraterrestrials on an observation mission on Earth and which have four centuries of technological advance on the terrestrial human technologies. We demonstrate the importance of angular tetravalent logic in mathematics and theorical physics. As an example, we give a proof of Fermat’s last theorem using angular tetravalent logic, as suggested by the Ummites. Then, we will pierce the secrets of the universe always using the tetravalent logic, we will explain the reasoning which proves the existence of a twin universe and we give the mathematical formula for the folding of space-time which separates the two twin universes and finally we explain why the curvature of the universe is necessarily negative.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1351] viXra:2210.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-27 01:01:17

A Model for Combining Classical and Quantum Physics Based on Lorentz Invariants

Authors: Aleksander Maltsev
Comments: 21 Pages. In Russian

The paper develops the application of a mathematical model describing the physical vacuum and matter by two-component systems. In contrast to Newtonian physics, when describing the energy of a body, its volume is taken into account. The model allows representing matter as a middle state between "black" holes and space. Using examples of matter energy changes, the appearance of electric charge and magnetic fields is shown. The interconnection of matter with the processes of the Universe evolution is shown. The conclusion that the motion of time is impossible without a change in the rate of time is substantiated. The dependence of the change in the rate of time motion, on the interval of time, distorts the data on the rate of expansion of the Universe. It is concluded that the movement of time is a transformation of the future into the past. The spiral motion of photons is explained. The justification of the description of the physical essence of phenomena using rectangular coordinates is considered.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1350] viXra:2210.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-25 00:43:22

Geometric Analysis of the Unity of the Tempo of Time with Matter

Authors: Aleksander Maltsev
Comments: 9 Pages. In Russian

The Lorentz invariance of characteristics of a moving body is considered. Each characteristic is taken as an independent system that is in unity with the others. Algebraic variants of the unity of independent systems are presented. A geometrical analysis of the description of the unity of independent systems is performed. The emergence of a 3-dimensional Nature by the unity of independent systems is shown. The duality of the physical vacuum (medium and void) is explained by its two-component nature. The question of the origin of the duration of an event by the motion of the present is considered. The analysis of the dimensionality of the velocity of time motion is made. On the basis of the differences, in the motion of matter in time and in space, the conclusion of the abstractness of time as the duration of an event and the reality of only the present (the moment "now") is obtained. The abstractness of the concept of time, allows in the duration of an event, to choose any moment as a point of reference. A variant of the present, as a period of transformation of the future into the past, is proposed. The sum of the transformation periods creates the duration of the event. It is concluded that time travel is impossible. The analysis of the effects arising in the matter while moving in time is made. A variant of verification of the presented conclusions is offered.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1349] viXra:2210.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-21 01:47:04

Causality, Time and Force

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 12 Pages.

Orthodox physics makes extensive use of number relation mathematics such as mapping, probability, and infinite series. This mathematics is devoid of causative relations. A method to implement D. Hume's philosophy of causation and time is suggested. The method is applied to Newton's laws, the Faraday equation, and the Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) Universal Equation. Including causation in physics modeling can result in increased understanding of physicality and new insights, which have been observed. The obfuscation of mathematics may be removed from physics by finding the cause--effect of observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1348] viXra:2210.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-17 02:10:32

The N-Body Problem (Le Problème de Mouvement de N Corps)

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 33 Pages. In French

The object of this paper is the problem of the motion of three bodies subjected to the attraction of gravitation. In section 1, we write the equations of motion, then we give the ten first integrals of motion. We treat the equations of motion of the case of an artificial satellite around the earth in section 2, where we deduce the 3 laws of Kepler and we give the resolution of the equations of motion of the artificial satellite. In section 3, we consider the case of the motion of two bodies. Finally in section 4, we give details of the equations of motion of 3 bodies, we develop the inverse of the squares of the distances to the first order. We treat, by neglecting the mass of a body, the problem called the restricted movement of two bodies.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1347] viXra:2210.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-14 14:32:58

Expression of Natural Constant e in Physics

Authors: Shan-Hong Li
Comments: 2 Pages.

The natural constant e is a mathematical constant, which is obtained by a mathematical formula. We find that there is also a simple expression for the natural constant e in physics, which is different from the formula in mathematics. It is composed of some physical constants, and its result is in good agreement with the value of the natural constant e.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1346] viXra:2210.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-09 02:52:23

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Iv): Zero-Point Field Dynamics

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 32 Pages.

Here the next step is taken for the zero-dimensional physical theory in proposing key experiments for the interaction of the three derived timespace fields, namely EM, mass, and gravity, specifically in demonstrating the zero-point gravity field as derived from the absolute (flatline) destructive interference resonance of the EM field, describing how this zero-point gravity field is repulsive to both an EM field and mass field, specifically repulsive to static charge and magnetic fields, creating greater kinetic and potential energy gradients for charge and magnetic fields neighbouring the EM destructive interference resonance process. Further to such, this gravity field is derived to be zero-point inertial and thus non-inertial, despite causing inertial effects on both charge and magnetic fields, and therefore capable of causing motion for both charge and magnetic fields away from the progenitor zero-point inertial reference. The utility of this zero-dimensional physical theory shall now therefore be judged on its ability to make new predictions to be verified by new observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1345] viXra:2210.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-07 23:58:07

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (III): Graphing Time and Space

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 53 Pages.

Here represents a description for how time relates with space graphically as a process of plotting points without assuming any dimensional scales of space or time, and without assuming spatial and temporal scales for mass or a photon of light, and thus for particles or waves. As a result of such, the fine structure constant can be derived as a zero-dimensional graphing code. Here also represents a description of how the graph basis of time and space can be scaled with the charge of the electron and speed of light to account for physical phenomena. As such, here will be described how to construct a zero-dimensional basis for the graphing of time and space to then better picture physical phenomena when that zero-dimensional number theory and associated plotting is scaled with two basic known physical values, namely the electron charge and the speed of light. Here, physical reality is not being plotted, yet a fundamental zero-dimensional basis for vector plotting derived, described, and then scaled to physical phenomena, the importance of which shall be highlighted as being instrumental to proposing new research.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1344] viXra:2210.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-06 00:57:16

Exploration on Why Quantum Entanglement Occurs from a Mathematical Point of View (从数学角度猜想量子为什么会纠缠)

Authors: Jianpeng Yin
Comments: 2 Pages. In Chinese

In this paper I will explore quantum entanglement from a new angle.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1343] viXra:2210.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-04 00:51:35

Quantum Time-Space with Energy, Entropy Space and Unified Field Theory

Authors: Yajun Liu
Comments: 7 Pages.

In Newton’s system, Time is an independent existence with space. In Einstein’s system, Time and Space are bonded together just considering the Velocity of Light is a constant C(m/s). And then for a Quantum system, we consider the energy is discrete and then the "Time contentiousness" disappeared in this system. In this paper, we get a Space characteristic equation with a 1/2 fixed point and an entropy form. We called it . Based on this vector space, A model setup to describe a photon with the velocity of light C pushed by one unit energy h. and we find that it is interesting when considering the intensity of field1/aF as the curvature of the Quantum Time-Space with energy, then we get a Unified Field Equation. We hope to throw a little bit light on the big picture of uniting the quantum mechanics and General relative theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1342] viXra:2210.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-03 20:42:16

Octonion Automorphisms as Algebraic Basis Gauge Transformations

Authors: Richard D. Lockyer
Comments: 19 Pages.

An algebraic basis gauge transformation here is a transformation on the set of basis elements that fundamentally define an algebra through product rules that determine the definition of multiplication between n dimensional algebraic elements. They are linear combinations of the intrinsic basis element set structured such that a reversible bijection is produced from each indexed intrinsic basis element to the same index basis element in the gauge basis. The gauge invariant feature is an algebraic isomorphism between any chosen orientation of the intrinsic algebra basis and the resultant orientation for the gauge transformed basis.For Octonion Algebra, the transformation matrix is shown to be a lower 7x7 block diagonal member of the group SO(7). The Octonion covariant derivative is shown to be form invariant between intrinsic and gauge basis systems if the transformation is global. Allowing local variation, fields in the physics sense are added to the still present form invariant content.Subgroups of PSL(2,7) give two methods for creating Octonion algebraic basis gauge transformations. Both are shown to be expressible as circle group fibrations over the basis element basic quad subspace defined for each Quaternion subalgebra, followed by completing the subalgebra gauge transformed components with a process called basic quad algebraic completion.One method uses permutation subgroups of PSL(2,7) that leave one non-scalar basis element unchanged. It is shown to gauge out symmetries provided by Octonion Algebra when that unchanged basis element is taken to be physically non-spatial. The other method uses permutation subgroups of PSL(2,7) that leave the set of basis elements in one Quaternion subalgebra triplet intact. Half-angle 2-torus fibrations on the basic quad subspace embed a standard orthonormal whole-angle spherical-polar basis in the preserved subalgebra after algebraic completion, and half-angle 3-torus fibrations embed its compatible whole angle Euler Angle basis in the preserved subalgebra after algebraic completion.A composition where the intrinsic basis elements in one gauge basis are replaced by the equivalent index gauge transformed basis element of another is shown to produce a proper gauge transformation specified by the product of the two gauge transformation matrices. A parallelism between this composition and fiber product structure is demonstrated for the latter method above.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1341] viXra:2209.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-28 02:13:40

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (II): Causality, Locality, and Indeterminacy

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 20 Pages.

Here the zero-dimensional physical theory addresses the ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy. Although such are terms synonymous with current problems and paradoxes in physics theory, especially regarding the known discrepancies between Einstein’s physical theories and the known features of the same quantum mechanically described phenomena, here it will be demonstrated how those terms and associated ideas are precise zero-dimensional physical theory-based derivations for the attributes of physical phenomena. By such, the key flaw in both Einstein’s physical theory formulation and that of quantum mechanics becomes apparent, namely the priority of mass and momentum as the axiom of choice. Here, the axiom of choice is once again presented as the zero-dimensional basis for time and space, resolving the current ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1340] viXra:2209.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-27 01:43:26

Navier-Stokes Equation: Existence and Smoothness

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 9 Pages.

Navier-Stokes equation existence and smoothness are important unsolved problems in mathematic physics. Here, I use vector calculus and gravity-spinity related Maxwell-like equations (gravitoelectromagnetism) to reduce Navier-Stokes into Laplace equations including conditions such as rotational, irrotational, compressible, or incompressible. Because the solutions of Laplace equations are harmonic functions, the solutions of Navierr-Stoke equations are smooth. In addition, I did curl differentiate the Navier-Stokes-Euler equation to get vortex functions. This can help to explain the mechanism of induction of turbulence.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1339] viXra:2209.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-27 01:49:04

The Setbacks of Theoretical Physics

Authors: J. A. J. van Leunen
Comments: 107 Pages. This is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

The search for a reliable foundation of physical reality has had many setbacks and is slow. Side roads were taken that did not lead to the desired goal. This document shows that there is an alternative path that leads to a better result. This result can be reproduced in a single sentence. This very short summary does need the necessary explanation. The paper provides this explanation. The paper also shows the relation between the foundation and several aspects of physics, such as quantum physics, classical physics, optics, and cosmology.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1338] viXra:2209.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-22 08:24:04

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (I): Solving Reality’s Puzzle

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 24 Pages.

In advancing upon the Temporal Mechanics zero-dimensional number theory, here is presented the description of the zero-dimensional number theory as scaled with the charge of the electron and the speed of light. The two key equations for timespace as the Fibonacci equation for time and Euler’s equation for space are then given physical relevance by this scaling process. In bringing these equations together for 1d, 2d, and 3d timespace, scaled equations for timespace become apparent for physical phenomena, notably the equations for EM, mass, and gravity. The entire process here is one of adjoining the Fibonacci equation with Euler’s equation for time and space respectively and saturating that number relationship from a scale of 0 to infinity, giving rise to the equations of physical phenomena. By this process, the zero-dimensional number theory is relatable as a zero-dimensional physical theory as a model of physical events, making number-theory based predictions that agree with empirical observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[1337] viXra:2209.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-22 01:46:26

Paradox in General Relativity for a Charged Sphere

Authors: Karl De Paepe
Comments: 2 Pages.

For a static charged sphere with small mass and charge we make gauge and coordinate transformations so that the electromagnetic vector potential has a time component of one and zero space components at all points. We consider Einstein field equations with this potential. There is a solution that has no electromagnetic field. This is a contradiction since we began, before the transformations, with a nonzero electromagnetic field.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Replacements of recent Submissions

[909] viXra:2402.0165 [pdf] replaced on 2024-03-03 08:48:31

Topological Theory of Hopf Bundle and Mass

Authors: Garry Goodwin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Why a particle has the specific rest mass it does is an open question. An alternative theory of mass is put forward. Mass is the intersection of a Hopf bundle and 3-space. The masses of six lighter hyperons and electron are derived as functions of the proton and neutron masses. Nine free parameters are thereby reduced to two. The most significant outcome is the derivation of the electron mass.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[908] viXra:2402.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-27 03:28:23

On the Distinct Aspect of Eleven

Authors: Dwight Boddorf
Comments: 4 Pages.

A distinct aspect of eleven is defined. Aspect is utilized to index one hundred thirty-seven. Index is used to generate a plausible value for the fine structure constant.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[907] viXra:2401.0108 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-29 22:37:58

Fractional Dynamics and Physics Beyond Effective Field Theory (Part 1)

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 18 Pages.

There are growing signs today that physics far beyond the Standard Model (SM) scale may substantially deviate from the principles of traditional field theory. The goal of this report is to briefly elaborate on the motivation for fractal spacetime and fractional dynamics beyond the realm of effective field theory
Category: Mathematical Physics

[906] viXra:2401.0089 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-07 20:56:06

A Theoretical Approach to the Navier-Stokes Millennium Problem using Dream Numbers

Authors: Oussama Basta
Comments: 15 Pages.

This paper presents a theoretical exploration of the Navier-Stokes equations within the innovative framework of Dream Partial Differential Equations (DPDEs). Beginning with the concept of dream numbers and their application in defining new forms of derivatives, we extend these ideas to reformulate the Navier-Stokes equations. Our aim is to investigate whether this novel approach could potentially shed light on the Millennium Problem concerning the existence and smoothness of solutions to these equations in three dimensions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[905] viXra:2312.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2024-03-10 20:24:36

On the Origins of Mass

Authors: Moshe Szweizer, Rivka Schlagbaum
Comments: 20 Pages.

Probability, as manifested through entropy, is presented in this study as one of the most fundamental components of physical reality. It is demonstrated that the quantization of probability allows for the introduction of the mass phenomenon. In simple terms, gaps in probability impose resistance to change in movement, which observers experience as inertial mass. The model presented in the paper builds on two probability fields that are allowed to interact. The resultant probability distribution is quantized, producing discrete probability levels. Finally, a formula is developed that correlates the gaps in probability levels with physical mass. The model allows for the estimation of quark masses. The masses of the proton and neutron are arrived at with an error of 0.02%. The masses of sigma baryons are calculated with an error between 0.007% and 0.2%. The W-boson mass is calculated with an error of 1.3%. The model explains why proton is stable while other baryons are not.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[904] viXra:2312.0050 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-07 21:19:58

Nodal Lines of Eigenfunctions of Laplacian in Plane

Authors: Soo Sun Ha
Comments: 55 Pages.

We prove Payne's nodal line conjecture for any bounded simply connected, possibly non-convex, smooth boundary domain $Omega$ in Plane; Payne conjectured that any second Dirichlet eigenfunction of laplacian in any simply connected bounded domain in Plane can not have a closed nodal line.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[903] viXra:2311.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-10 21:46:32

Cooldown Time Estimation Methods for Stirling Cycle Crycoolers

Authors: Shlomy Shitrit, Royee Bustan
Comments: 18 Pages.

Miniature crycoolers are small refrigerators that can reach cryogenic temperatures in the range of 60K to 150K. They have the capability of accumulating a small temperature drop into a large overall temperature reduction. The cooldown time estimation is becoming more and more as a design parameter, certainly in hands-on applications. The various complicated physical processes involved in crycooler operation make it hardly possible to explicitly simulate the temperature time response. The numerical methods for solving a typical crycooler suffer from numerical instability,time step restrictions and high computational costs, among others. Since the operation of crycoolers involve processes in range of 15Hz−120Hz, actually solving the crycooler transient response would require different software tools to support the design and analysis of physical processes such as heat transfer, fluid dynamic, electromagnetic and mechanical. These processes would also require an excessive amount of calculations, incurring time consuming and precision penalty. In thisarticle we try to bridge the gap between the explicit impractical approach to steady state based approach. A framework developed in Python for calculating the cooldown time profile of anycrycooler based on a steady state database, is introduced, while utilizing a semi-analytic approach under various operating conditions. The cooldown time performance can be explored at various target and ambient temperature conditions, and also the effects of an external load, material properties or thermal capacitance on the overall cooldown time response. Two case studies based on linear and rotary crycoolers developed at Ricor are used for verfication, with a good agreement between the simulated and measured values.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[902] viXra:2311.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-09 21:23:51

N1 Supersymmetric Dual Quantum Field Model

Authors: Alfonso De Miguel bueno
Comments: 44 Pages. 30 figures

This paper introduces a supersymmetric dual-matter atomic model based on two intersecting fields that periodically vary in either the same or opposite phases, forming a shared nucleus of two transversal and two vertical subfields that represent the particles and antiparticles of the dual atomic nucleus. The bosonic or fermionic characteristics of the nuclear subfields are determined by their topological transformations, caused by the pushing forces generated by the negative or positive curvatures of the intersecting fields during their contraction or expansion.With a mainly visual and conceptual approach, the model employs a set of 2x2 complex rotational matrices of eigenvectors related in a modular way to Sobolev interpolations and to Tomita-Takesaki theory, illustrating problems as reflection positivity, the mass gap, or the arising of a purely imaginary time, between others. The article first presents the fields model in a general way, then it introduces the mathematical formalisms, translates the general system to the atomic terminology, and finally compares the model with already known developments. The article first presents the fields model in a general way, then it introduces the mathematical formalisms, translates the general system to the atomic terminology, and finally compares the model with already known developments.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[901] viXra:2311.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2023-12-07 00:43:08

N1 Supersymmetric Quantum Field Model

Authors: Alfonso De Miguel Bueno
Comments: 35 Pages. 32 images

This paper introduces a non-conventional quantum field model within the framework of N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory [1], providing a visual geometric explanation for the mass gap problem and the topological transformations of the supersymmetric atomic nucleus. The model is a supersymmetric topological manifold based on two intersecting fields that vibrate in either the same or opposite phases, forming four subfields. The bosonic or fermionic characteristics of these subfields are determined by the pushing forces generated by the intersecting fields’ negative or positive curvatures during their contraction or expansion. The model employs a group of 2x2 complex rotational matrices of eigenvectors with eigenvalues 1 and —1 and explores their implications for strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. It suggests the necessity of interpreting entanglement, superposition, and Pauli Exclusion principle in terms of the mirror reflection symmetry or antisymmetry derived from the atomic dual system.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[900] viXra:2309.0020 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-09 08:19:59

Hilbert and Pólya Conjecture, Dynamical System, Prime Numbers, Black Holes, Quantum Mechanics, and the Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Mohamed Sghiar
Comments: 13 Pages. In this version I deduce the proof of Hilbert Polya's conjecture

In mathematics, the search for exact formulas giving all the prime numbers, certain families of prime numbers or the n-th prime number has generally proved to be vain, which has led to contenting oneself with approximate formulas [7]. The purpose of this article is to give a simple function to produce the list of all prime numbers.And then I give a generalization of this result and we show a link with the quantum mechanics and the attraction of black Holes. And I give a new proof of lemma 1 which gave a proof of the Riemann hypothesis [4]. Finally another excellent new proof o f the Riemann hypothesisis given and I deduce the proof of Hilbert Polya's conjecture
Category: Mathematical Physics

[899] viXra:2308.0144 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-15 17:19:59

Space-Time as Spinors

Authors: Julian Simon Brown
Comments: 6 Pages.

We uncover an implicit volume-preserving mapping from the $mathbb{C}^4$ space of a bispinor onto the past cone belonging to an arbitrary spacetime point in $mathbb{R}^{3,1}$. The quotient group $SO(3,1)$ is shown to be given by $SO(8)/U(1) cross U(1) cross SO(3)$ and a simple geometrical interpretation is presented. We conclude by showing that the novel mapping allows the reformulation of many equations of motion of boson and fermion fields as integral equations over null cones that are devoid of field derivatives.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[898] viXra:2308.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-28 09:46:31

Basic Non-Archimedean Functional Analysis Over Non-Archimedean Field ^{∗}ℝ_{c}^{#}. Application to Constructive Quantum Field Theory

Authors: Jaykov Foukzon
Comments: 74 Pages.

Main Definitions and theorems related to non-Archimedean functional analysis on non-Archemedean field ┊^{∗}ℝ_{c}^{#}┊ and on complex field ┊^{∗}ℂ_{c}^{#}┊=┊^{∗}ℝ_{c}^{#}┊+i┊^{∗}ℝ_{c}^{#}┊areconsidered
Category: Mathematical Physics

[897] viXra:2308.0011 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-25 02:41:07

Significance of the Number Space and Coordinate System in Physics for Elementary Particles and the Planetary System

Authors: Helmut Schmidt
Comments: 21 Pages. I am grateful for every comment!

In physics, a single center of gravity is assumed for forces. However, at least 3 fixed points π, π2, π3are required as the center, orthograde for the 3 spatial dimensions. With this approach, the universe can be understood as a set of rational numbers Q. This is to be distinguished from how we see the world, a 3-dimensional space with time. Observations from the past is the subset Q+ for physics. A system of 3 objects, each with 3 spatial coordinates on the surface and time, is sufficient for physics. For the microcosm, the energy results from the 10 independent parameters as a polynomial P(2). For an observer, the local coordinates are the normalization for the metric. Our idea of a space with revolutions of 2π gives the coordinates in the macrocosm in epicycles. For the observer this means a transformation of the energies into polynomials P(2π). This is used to simulate the energies of a system. c can be calculated from the units meter and day.π/2 c m day = rEarth2This formula provides the equatorial radius of the earth with an accuracy of 489 m. Orbits can be calculated using polynomials P(2π) and orbital times in the planetary system with P(8). A common constant can be derived from h, G and c with the consequence for H0:h G c5s8 /m10 ( π4- π2- π-1 - π-3) 1/2 H0theory= π1/23 h G c3 s5/m8A photon consists of 2 entangled electrons e- and e+mneutron / me=(2π)4 +(2π)3+(2π)2-(2π)1-(2π)0-(2π)-1+2(2π)-2+2(2π)-4-2(2π)-6 +6(2π)-8 = 1838.6836611 Theory: 1838.6836611 me measured: 1838.68366173(89) meFor each charge there is an energy C = -π+2π-1- π-3+2π-5-7-9- π-12Together with the neutron mass, the result for the proton is: mproton=mneutron + C me= 1836.15267363 meFine-structure constant:1/α= π4+ π3+ π2-1- π-1 + π-2- π-3 + π-7 - π-9- 2 π-10-2 π-11-2 π-12 = 137.035999107The muon and tauon masses as well as calculations for the inner planetary system are given.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[896] viXra:2307.0023 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-26 15:53:23

Dimensional Regularization and Fractal Spacetime

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages.

This report expands on the preprint "Dimensional Regularization as Mass Generating Mechanism", posted at the following sites:https://doi.org/10.32388/DW6ZZS,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370670747
Category: Mathematical Physics

[895] viXra:2307.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-30 22:33:37

No Singularities in Schwarzschild Black Hole and Big Bang

Authors: Yongrong Bao
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Author name on the form and in the article in pdf must match!)

We prove no singularities in Schwarzschild black hole (SBH) and Big Bang considering the quantum effect. We find the equation of gravitational energy density inside SBH; derive that the gravitational energy density is proportional to the square effective temperature far from the event horizon in SBH interior, whether the gravitational fields of SBH are Coulomb-like or wave-like; obtain their entropic density is direct proportion with the effective temperature. Then we assume that the center of SBH and Big Bang being in the minimum entropy state, which value is equal to the Boltzmann constant; propose the SBH uncertainty relation (UR) and Big Bang UR by the generalized relational expression (GRE) and prove, which suggest no singularity in them.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[894] viXra:2306.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2023-11-13 09:46:23

Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula

Authors: Alessandro Gecchele
Comments: 14 Pages.

We address the unsolved question of how best to estimate the collision entropy, also called quadratic or second order Rényi entropy. Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at their valid estimates starting from experimental data, so to derive suitable classification methods for the underlying processes, but optimal solutions have not been reached yet. Limited to the estimation of collision entropy, a one-line formula is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments give evidence of the validity of this estimator even for the very low densities of the data spread in high-dimensional sample spaces. The method strengths are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[893] viXra:2306.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-26 05:01:30

Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula

Authors: Alessandro Gecchele
Comments: 15 Pages.

We address the unsolved question of how best to estimate the collision entropy, also called quadratic or second order Rényi entropy. Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at their valid estimates starting from experimental data, so to derive suitable classification methods for the underlying processes, but optimal solutions have not been reached yet. Limited to the estimation of collision entropy, a one-line formula is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments give evidence of the validity of this estimator even for the very low densities of the data spread in high-dimensional sample spaces. The method strengths are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[892] viXra:2306.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2023-06-23 10:31:14

Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula

Authors: Alessandro Gecchele
Comments: 14 Pages. Keywords: Rényi entropies; collision entropy estimation; collision entropy rate estimation

We address the unsolved question of how best to estimate the collision entropy, also called quadratic or second order Rényi entropy. Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at their valid estimates starting from experimental data, so to derive suitable classification methods for the underlying processes, but optimal solutions have not been reached yet. Limited to the estimation of collision entropy, a one-line formula is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments give evidence of the validity of this estimator even for the very low densities of the data spread in high-dimensional sample spaces. The method strengths are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[891] viXra:2306.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2023-06-15 15:15:37

Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula

Authors: Alessandro Gecchele
Comments: 14 Pages.

Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at valid estimates of these indices starting from experimental data, so to derive a suitable classification method for the underlying processes. However, optimal solutions have not been reached yet. A one-line formula limited to the estimation of collision entropy is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments gave evidence of its validity even for the very low densities of the data spread in high-dimensional sample spaces. The strengths of this method are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[890] viXra:2305.0182 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-12 11:51:16

Model λ(φ^2n )_4,n≥2 Quantum Field Theory: A Nonstandard Approach Based on Nonstandard Pointwise-Defined Quantum Fields

Authors: Jaykov Foukzon
Comments: 48 Pages. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012113

A new non-Archimedean approach to interacted quantum fields is presented. In proposed approach, a field operator φ(x,t) no longer a standard tempered operator-valued distribution, but a non-classical operator-valued function. We prove using this novel approach that the quantum field theory with Hamiltonian P(φ)_4 exists and that the corresponding C^*­ algebra of bounded observables satisfies all the Haag-Kastler axioms except Lorentz covariance. We prove that the λ(φ^2n )_4,n≥2 quantum field theory models are Lorentz covariantJaykov Foukzon 2024J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2701 012113doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012113
Category: Mathematical Physics

[889] viXra:2305.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-03 03:52:26

Zero Quantum Gravity

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 40 Pages.

Proposed here is a new approach to the known disparity between the 4d spacetime designs of quantum field theory (QFT) and general relativity (GR). The reason for calculus in physics, and how and why QFT developed as flat 4d spacetime and GR as curved 4d spacetime shall be outlined. The key difference between QFT and GR in the context of the GR based ΛCDM model shall be confirmed as the condition of QFT requiring independent inertial frames of reference and GR requiring dependent inertial frames of reference. Following such, a brief account of current attempts uniting QFT and GR as the search for quantum gravity shall be outlined. In making use of the known QFT and GR data, their flat/curved 4d spacetime disparity, and the difficulty in proving quantum gravity, a new approach forward is proposed via a zero-dimensional number theory application to physical data. By this zero-dimensional number theory, the QFT and GR data and associated flat/curved spacetime disparity are confirmed, together with presenting a zero-dimensional quantum gravity paradigm termed as "zero quantum gravity" outlining QFT processes that prescribe a proposed zero-point gravitational field effect that can be tested experimentally. Here, the intention is not to disrupt or dispel the current quests for quantum gravity, yet to offer a current theoretic and experimental utility to the known mismatch between QFT and GR on that path to quantum gravity.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[888] viXra:2305.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-09 16:49:38

Zero Quantum Gravity

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 33 Pages. Addition of figures and descriptions

Proposed here is a new approach to the known disparity between the 4d spacetime designs of quantum field theory (QFT) and general relativity (GR). The reason for calculus in physics, and how and why QFT developed as flat 4d spacetime and GR as curved 4d spacetime shall be outlined. The key difference between QFT and GR in the context of the GR based ΛCDM model shall be confirmed as the notion of QFT requiring independent inertial frames of reference and GR requiring dependent inertial frames of reference. Following such, a brief account of current attempts uniting QFT and GR as the search for quantum gravity shall be outlined. In making use of the known QFT and GR data, their flat/curved 4d spacetime disparity, and the difficulty in proving quantum gravity, a new approach forward is proposed via a zero-dimensional number theory application to physical data. By this zero-dimensional number theory, the QFT and GR data and associated flat/curved spacetime disparity are confirmed, together with presenting a zero-dimensional quantum gravity paradigm termed as "zero quantum gravity" outlining QFT processes that prescribe a proposed zero-point gravitational field effect that can be tested experimentally. Here, the intention is not to disrupt or dispel the current quests for quantum gravity, yet to offer a current theoretic and experimental utility to the known mismatch between QFT and GR on that path to quantum gravity.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[887] viXra:2302.0016 [pdf] replaced on 2023-02-18 10:17:06

Nonequilibrium Dynamics and High Energy Physics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 12 Pages.

The time dependent Ginzburg Landau equation (TGLE) is a prototype model of non-equilibrium statistical physics and critical phenomena. This brief report points out that, applying TGLE to the chaotic dynamics of interacting fields hints to unexpected solutions to the challenges confronting high-energy theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[886] viXra:2301.0135 [pdf] replaced on 2023-02-20 14:45:18

Spin-statistics Theorem from the Stuart-Landau Equation

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 10 Pages.

Stuart-Landau (SL) equation describes the universal behavior of nonlinear oscillators near a Hopf bifurcation. Focusing on the ultraviolet sector of field theory, the goal of this brief report is to explore the relationship between the SL equation and the spin-statistics theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT).
Category: Mathematical Physics

[885] viXra:2301.0014 [pdf] replaced on 2023-05-17 20:53:24

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vii): Charting Infinity Using the Riemann Zeta Function and Ramanujan Summation in Deriving Dimensional Number Paradigms

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 36 Pages.

Proposed here is a zero-dimensional number theory for physical phenomena charting the concept of infinity in using the Riemann zeta function and Ramanujan summation. The key common dimensional basis here is zero-dimensional time as a moment, and zero-dimensional space as an infinitesimal point. Key to the number theory are derived dimensional number paradigms and associated equations from the proposed intertwining of zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space together underwriting known physical phenomenal equations. Examples of these numbers are the values for the golden ratio, Euler’s identity, π, and the numbers 10, 12, and -1/12. These derived number paradigms and equation relationships are thence demonstrated to derive known physical phenomena constants such as the fine structure constant, Planck’s constant, and gravitational constant, together with their associated known equations. By such, it is shown that the proposed zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space axioms and their derived dimensional number paradigms likely represent the core underlying code of physical reality.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[884] viXra:2301.0014 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-17 02:14:09

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vii): Charting Infinity Using the Riemann Zeta Function and Ramanujan Summation in Deriving Dimensional Number Paradigms

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 36 Pages.

Proposed here is a zero-dimensional number theory for physical phenomena charting the concept of infinity in using the Riemann zeta function and Ramanujan summation. The key common dimensional basis here is zero-dimensional time as a moment, and zero-dimensional space as an infinitesimal point. Key to the number theory are derived dimensional number paradigms and associated equations from the proposed intertwining of zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space underwriting known physical phenomenal equations. Examples of these numbers are the values for the golden ratio, Euler’s identity, π, and the numbers 10, 12, and -1/12. These proposed derived number paradigms and equation relationships are thence demonstrated to derive known constants and associated equations of physical phenomena such as the fine structure constant, Planck’s constant, and gravitational constant, together with their associated known equations. By such, it is shown that the proposed zero-dimensional time and zero-dimensional space axioms and their derived dimensional number paradigms represent the core underlying code of physical reality.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[883] viXra:2212.0186 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-21 05:58:53

Effective Field Theory as Asymptotic Regime of Chaotic Dynamics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages.

We argue here that the onset of classical chaos above the Fermi scale underlies the construction of Effective Field Theory (EFT). According to this view, particle physics and gravitational dynamics are low-energy manifestations of chaotic behavior and multifractal geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[882] viXra:2212.0186 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-02 15:21:32

Effective Field Theory as Asymptotic Regime of Chaotic Dynamics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages.

We argue here that the onset of classical chaos above the Fermi scale underlies the construction of Effective Field Theory (EFT). According to this view, particle physics and gravitational dynamics are low-energy manifestations of chaotic behavior and multifractal geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[881] viXra:2212.0129 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-09 01:47:06

Knot, Refractive Index, and Scalar Field

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

We construct the geometric optical knot in 3-dimensional Euclidean (flat) space of the Abelian Chern-Simons integral using the variables (the Clebsch variables) of the complex scalar field, i.e. the function of amplitude and the phase, where the phase is related to the refractive index.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[880] viXra:2211.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-14 19:53:23

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vi): Charting the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize Problems and Beal Conjecture

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 32 Pages.

Explored here are the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize problems, namely the Poincaré conjecture, the Hodge conjecture, the Riemann hypothesis, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, the Yang-Mills existence and mass gap problem, the Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness problem, and the P versus NP problem. Here is identified how the possible solutions to each of these problems can be of use to physical theories. To be charted here therefore for each of these problems is their relevance to dimensional number theory in their application to physical theories, and if indeed a common dimensional number theory basis can solve these problems, and if so how, and if not why. In this charting process, it is found that curved 4d spacetime is an unlikely solution basis given the failure of the currently accepted solution to the Poincaré conjecture to solving the remaining problems. A new dimensional number theory basis is therefore proposed as a solution for the problems, and their solutions identified. By such, new solutions are also formed for Fermat’s conjecture, Goldbach’s conjecture, the twin prime problem, and the Beal conjecture.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[879] viXra:2211.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-12 03:20:41

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Vi): Charting the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize Problems and Beal Conjecture

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 31 Pages.

Explored here are the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Prize problems, namely the Poincaré conjecture, the Hodge conjecture, the Riemann hypothesis, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, the Yang-Mills existence and mass gap problem, the Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness problem, and the P versus NP problem. Here is identified how the possible solutions to each of these problems can be of use to physical theories. To be charted here therefore for each of these problems is their relevance to dimensional number theory in their application to physical theories, and if indeed a common dimensional number theory basis can solve these problems, and if so how, and if not why. In this charting process, it is found that curved 4d spacetime is an unlikely solution basis given the failure of the currently accepted solution to the Poincaré conjecture to solving the remaining problems. A new dimensional number theory basis is therefore proposed as a solution for the problems, and their solutions identified. By such, new solutions are also formed for Fermat’s conjecture, Goldbach’s conjecture, the twin prime problem, and the Beal conjecture.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[878] viXra:2211.0104 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-01 04:13:51

Property on Levitation for Ehd and Electrostatic Propulsion Device Using Multi-Layered Electrode

Authors: Taku Saiki
Comments: 8 Pages.

Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. It is expected to develop electric propulsion systems without future moving parts of airplanes and helicopters propellers in the future. In this time, we developed an EHD propulsion device with multiple layers of electrodes, and confirmed the effectiveness of the multiple layers. Usually, the metal weight increases and the input voltage threshold for levitation should increase as the number of layers increases. In the experiment, it was confirmed that the threshold voltage for levitation is kept constant even if the weight is increased by multilayering the electrodes. This means that the power efficiency of the device per unit weight is also improved at the same time. However, it was also found that this threshold increases if the size of the apparatus is increased.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[877] viXra:2211.0084 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-19 15:30:08

About the Description of Nature

Authors: Sven Gohlke
Comments: 14 Pages.

I develop a variable-speed-of-light model as an alternative to the astronomical standard model. It combines quantum and relativistic physics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[876] viXra:2210.0033 [pdf] replaced on 2023-05-17 20:43:47

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (Iv): Zero-Point Field Dynamics

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 30 Pages.

Here the next step is taken for the zero-dimensional physical theory in proposing key experiments for the interaction of the three derived timespace fields, namely EM, mass, and zero-point gravity, specifically in demonstrating the zero-point gravity field as derived from the absolute (flatline) destructive interference resonance of the EM field, describing how this zero-point gravity field is repulsive to both an EM field and mass field, specifically repulsive to static charge and magnetic fields, creating greater kinetic and potential energy gradients for charge and magnetic fields neighbouring the EM destructive interference resonance process. Further to such, this zero-point gravity field is derived to be zero-point inertial and thus non-inertial, despite causing inertial effects on both charge and magnetic fields, and therefore capable of causing motion for both charge and magnetic fields away from the progenitor zero-point inertial reference. The utility of this zero-dimensional physical theory shall now therefore be judged on its ability to make new predictions to be verified by new observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[875] viXra:2210.0031 [pdf] replaced on 2023-11-01 00:01:08

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (III): Graphing Time and Space

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 53 Pages.

Here represents a description for how time relates with space graphically as a process of plotting points without assuming any dimensional scales of space or time, and without assuming spatial and temporal scales for mass or a photon of light, and thus for particles or waves. As a result of such, the fine structure constant can be derived as a zero-dimensional graphing code. Here also represents a description of how the graph basis of time and space can be scaled with the charge of the electron and speed of light to account for physical phenomena. As such, here will be described how to construct a zero-dimensional basis for the graphing of time and space to then better picture physical phenomena when that zero-dimensional number theory and associated plotting is scaled with two basic known physical values, namely the electron charge and the speed of light. Here, physical reality is not being plotted, yet a fundamental zero-dimensional basis for vector plotting derived, described, and then scaled to physical phenomena, the importance of which shall be highlighted as being instrumental to proposing new research.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[874] viXra:2210.0031 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-29 03:56:18

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (III): Graphing Time and Space

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 54 Pages.

Here represents a description for how time relates with space graphically as a process of plotting points without assuming any dimensional scales of space or time, and without assuming spatial and temporal scales for mass or a photon of light, and thus for particles or waves. As a result of such, the fine structure constant can be derived as a zero-dimensional graphing code. Here also represents a description of how the graph basis of time and space can be scaled with the charge of the electron and speed of light to account for physical phenomena. As such, here will be described how to construct a zero-dimensional basis for the graphing of time and space to then better picture physical phenomena when that zero-dimensional number theory and associated plotting is scaled with two basic known physical values, namely the electron charge and the speed of light. Here, physical reality is not being plotted, yet a fundamental zero-dimensional basis for vector plotting derived, described, and then scaled to physical phenomena, the importance of which shall be highlighted as being instrumental to proposing new research.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[873] viXra:2210.0014 [pdf] replaced on 2022-10-25 23:32:56

Octonion Automorphisms as Algebraic Basis Gauge Transformations

Authors: Richard D. Lockyer
Comments: 23 Pages.

An algebraic basis gauge transformation is defined here as a transformation on the set of intrinsic Octonion Algebra basis elements. They are linear combinations of these structured such that a reversible bijection is produced between each indexed intrinsic basis element and the same index gauge basis element. The gauge transformation is required to map any orientation for original Octonion Algebra to a gauge basis with identical index matched orientation. Orientation is required to be a global and local gauge invariant.These gauge transformation matrices are found to be lower 7x7 block diagonal members of the group SO(7). Any global gauge transformed Octonion covariant derivative is form invariant with the intrinsic basis representation. Allowing local parametrization variation, fields in the physics sense are added to the still present form invariant content through addition of the covariant differentiation connection, whose general form derivation is provided.Subgroups of PSL(2,7) give two methods for creating Octonion algebraic basis gauge transformations. Both are shown to be expressible as circle group fibrations over the basic quad basis subspace defined for a choice of Quaternion subalgebra. The chosen subalgebra gauge basis components are then produced from the basic quad fibration by a process called basic quad algebraic completion.One method uses permutation subgroups of PSL(2,7) that leave one non-scalar basis element unchanged. This is shown to produce a gauge comparable to the direct product U(1)xU(1)xU(1). This method provides a smooth map between any of the four sets of Quaternion subalgebra basis triplets that exclude the unchanged basis element, and each of the other three. This gauges out a four-fold Octonion symmetry on basis element choices representing 3D axial (closed products) and polar (open products) vector types.The other method uses permutation subgroups of PSL(2,7) that leave the set of basis elements in one Quaternion subalgebra triplet intact. Here, half-angle 2-torus fibrations on the basic quad subspace embed a standard orthonormal whole-angle spherical-polar basis in the preserved subalgebra after algebraic completion. Half-angle 3-torus basic quad fibrations embed a whole angle Euler Angle basis in the preserved subalgebra after algebraic completion.A composition between any two algebraic basis gauge transformations is shown to produce a third, forming a group operation with closure on algebraic basis gauge types. A parallelism between this composition and fiber product structure is demonstrated.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[872] viXra:2209.0150 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-01 02:42:47

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (II): Causality, Locality, and Indeterminacy

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 22 Pages.

Here the zero-dimensional physical theory addresses the ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy. Although such are terms synonymous with current problems and paradoxes in physics theory, especially regarding the known discrepancies between Einstein’s physical theories and the known features of the same quantum mechanically described phenomena, here it will be demonstrated how those terms and associated ideas are precise zero-dimensional physical theory-based derivations for the attributes of physical phenomena. By such, the key flaw in both Einstein’s physical theory formulation and that of quantum mechanics becomes apparent, namely the priority of mass and momentum as the axiom of choice. Here, the axiom of choice is once again presented as the zero-dimensional basis for time and space, resolving the current ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[871] viXra:2209.0150 [pdf] replaced on 2022-10-23 19:48:52

The Zero-dimensional Physical Theory (II): Causality, Locality, and Indeterminacy

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 22 Pages.

Here the zero-dimensional physical theory addresses the ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy. Although such are terms synonymous with current problems and paradoxes in physics theory, especially regarding the known discrepancies between Einstein’s physical theories and the known features of the same quantum mechanically described phenomena, here it will be demonstrated how those terms and associated ideas are precise zero-dimensional physical theory-based derivations for the attributes of physical phenomena. By such, the key flaw in both Einstein’s physical theory formulation and that of quantum mechanics becomes apparent, namely the priority of mass and momentum as the axiom of choice. Here, the axiom of choice is once again presented as the zero-dimensional basis for time and space, resolving the current ideas of causality, locality, and indeterminacy.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[870] viXra:2209.0129 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-06 10:16:46

Gravity: Effective Mass Theory of Gravity

Authors: Lee McLoughlin
Comments: 11 Pages.

This is just the introduction to my paper but I bring you the conclusion now and then explain after. I have produced a new theory of gravity a theory based on effective mass. It dispenses with Newton’s theory, Einstein’s theory and with dark matter and introduces new formulas for making accurate calculations of gravitational force and mass.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[869] viXra:2209.0125 [pdf] replaced on 2022-11-30 23:35:14

The Zero-Dimensional Physical Theory (I): Solving Reality’s Puzzle

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 24 Pages.

In advancing upon the Temporal Mechanics zero-dimensional number theory, here is presented the description of the zero-dimensional number theory as scaled with the charge of the electron and the speed of light. The two key equations for timespace as the Fibonacci equation for time and Euler’s equation for space are then given physical relevance by this scaling process. In bringing these equations together for 1d, 2d, and 3d timespace, scaled equations for timespace become apparent for physical phenomena, notably the equations for EM, mass, and gravity. The entire process here is one of adjoining the Fibonacci equation with Euler’s equation for time and space respectively and saturating that number relationship from a scale of 0 to infinity, giving rise to the equations of physical phenomena. By this process, the zero-dimensional number theory is relatable as a zero-dimensional physical theory as a model of physical events, making number-theory based predictions that agree with empirical observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics