Classical Physics

Leveraging Boltzmann, Einstein and Planck

Authors: Hans van Kessel
Comments: 57 Pages. Clarifications/enhancements triggered by VIXRA comments; layout improvements

We verify physical equations and theories through experiments. But what would happen should we reverse that by basing physics on the validity of Boltzmann, Einstein and Planck? This would deliver ‘belly watching’, rather than objective science. But in doing so, gravity finds its place.
Category: Classical Physics

Cosmological Redshift: Accelerating Expansion or Quantum Phenomenon

Authors: Colin Walker
Comments: 10 Pages.

The postulate of tired light can be cast in terms of an elementary quantum of energy lost from a photon during each cycle. The uncertaintyin time associated with the quantum of energy is the Hubble time. Given uncertainty at this cosmological scale, it is argued that complementarity between received photon energy and observed distant time dilation at the source overcomes a common objection to tired light. Observed supernova redshift, luminosity distance, and distant time dilation tend to support two possibilities for a quantum interpretation of the redshift.
Category: Classical Physics

Antenas Tradicionales Y Escalares Relación Pitegórica
Traditional and Scalar Antennae Pythagorean Relationship

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 12 Pages. Contacto : carloschiappini@gmail.com

El tema de las antenas escalares fue tratado en un documento previo, situado en la dirección siguiente. https://vixra.org/abs/2205.0017 Este documento informa la relación física y matemática íntima entre ambos tipos de antenas, tradicionales y escalaresd, regida por la ortogonalidad y asociada a un triángulo rectángulo, que adquiere un significado esclarecedor.

The topic of scalar antennas was covered in a previous paper, located at the following address. https://vixra.org/abs/2205.0017 This document reports the intimate physical and mathematical relationship between both types of antennas, traditional and scalar, governed by orthogonality and associated with a right triangle, which acquires an illuminating meaning.
Category: Classical Physics

Deriving Field Rotation Rate for an Alt - Az Mounted Telescope

Authors: Russell P. Patera
Comments: 5 Pages.

The field rotation rate is derived for an Alt-Az mounted telescope by considering two sources of rotation rate. The first source is related to the azimuth and altitude angle rates used in tracking the central target star with respect to the local frame. The second source is related to the rotation rate of the local coordinate frame with respect to the inertial frame. The field rotation rate is the sum of the two rotation rates along the telescope viewing axis.
Category: Classical Physics

Evidence of Lift Force on Gyroscope

Authors: Carsten Quinlan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Experimental evidence is presented showing that a rapidly rotating gyroscope experiences a lift force opposing gravity. The theory is derived by considering the centrifugal forces (with the Earth’s center as the origin) that act on a cylindrically symmetric, rapidly rotating rigid body. Under normal circumstances, this effect is completely negligible compared to other forces acting on the gyroscope. Therefore, this experiment was designed for a rapidly spinning mechanical gyroscope by placing it on a sensitive scale in a vacuum chamber. Experimental methods and data analysis methods are also presented. The data shows that the effect is much larger than anticipated by the theory, and that the effect seems to be enhanced through interaction with electromagnetic (EM) fields. Our conclusion is that the data indicated that our theory is partially correct, but incomplete, and likely to be missing at least one effect related to electromagnetism.
Category: Classical Physics

The Dual Cause of the Force of Gravity the Completion and Verification of the Law of the Universal Attraction and a New Proposal for the Origin of the Mass of Subatomic Particles

Authors: Vaggelis Talios
Comments: 10 Pages.

Newtonian gravity, Einstein’s space-time, the gravitons, the Higgs particle of the established model, the remainder dFe and the Global gravity, of the “Modern theory of everything” [1]. Could you imagine a natural phenomenon, simpler than watching an apple to be falling to the ground? However, the initial explanation be given to this simple phenomenon that, “The Earth is the center of the Universe, and as all bodies are attracted to this center, they will be attracted to the Earth”, was wrong. The correct explanation that: “All material bodies are attracted to each other, as well as to the Earth, which is also a material body”, was given by Newton and was a very simple, correct and successful explanation. The force that bodies are attracted to the Earth been called “Gravity” and the law that calculates this force been called the law of the “Universal Attraction”. Since then been made, many changes in Theoretical Physics, challenging some of Newton's explanations, for gravity and the law of the Universal attraction. These changes I describe in this paper, adding the suggestion of the dual cause of gravity, which complements and verifies Newton's views. At the end of the work I formulate a new proposal for the origin of the mass of subatomic particles, which goes beyond the Higgs mechanism.
Category: Classical Physics

Antenas Escalares - Scalar Antennae

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 15 Pages. Contacto por email: carloschiappini@gmail.com

Teoremas deducidos de la ecuaciones de Maxwell determinan la geometría y las medidas de la unidad elemental de radiación en el vacío. Las antenas escalares se basan en esos datos. La caractarística práctica es minimizar el tamaño sin perjuicio del rendimiento. Como tarea experimental resultan interesantes, porque refuerzan la confianza en los teoremas que permiten diseñarlas.

Theorems deduced from Maxwell's equations determine the geometry and measurements of the elementary unit of radiation in a vacuum. Scalar antennas are based on these data. The practical feature is to minimize the size without sacrificing performance. As an experimental task they are interesting, because they reinforce confidence in the theorems that allow them to be designed.
Category: Classical Physics

FinSim Rocket Equation Burnout Velocity Accuracy Compared to Finite Difference and TR-10 Prediction

Authors: John R. Cipolla
Comments: 12 Pages.

The rocket equation in a form that accounts for the force of gravity or rocket weight was included in the latest version of FinSim to determine drag-free burnout velocity and drag-free burnout altitude for single stage rockets launched from the surface of the Earth. This new feature was implemented on the Fin Geometry for Aeroelastic Analysis screen, where burnout velocity and burnout altitude are plotted with the red Vb designation on the flutter velocity verses altitude plot when using the NACA 4197 Flutter Velocity Tool. This new feature in FinSim makes it possible to immediately compare predicted flutter velocity to rocket equation burnout velocity and burnout altitude for any single stage rocket using FinSim. However, the question by several FinSim users was “how accurate is the rocket equation for predicting burnout velocity and burnout altitude”. This simple question was the genesis for this paper which attempts to quantify the accuracy of the rocket equation compared to the finite difference method and TR-10 model rocket altitude prediction method for computing burnout velocity and burnout altitude. One not so surprising result is the accuracy of the rocket equation verses altitude increases as the dimensions, mass and rocket motor performance including thrust and burn time is increased. This analysis helps to quantify the accuracy of the rocket equation for burnout velocity and burnout altitude verses mass fraction using FinSim’s new NACA 4197 Flutter Velocity Tool.
Category: Classical Physics