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[29] viXra:2308.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-30 22:24:34
Authors: Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov
Comments: 30 Pages.
This paper presents a new model for generating mass of materials particles that is compatible with the theory of general relativity and some aspects of quantum mechanics. The new model was called Ulianov Perfect Liquid or UPL model.The UPL model arises from a very simple idea, which is to observe the foundations of the models of perfect liquid (ie a liquid without friction and without viscosity) that are used to model problems in the framework of general relativity.If indeed the space time continuum can be simulated using models of perfect, why we can’t assume that there is in fact some kind of perfect fluid, from which spacetime emerges?Considering this possibility, the authors did a real breakdown of a perfect liquid, linking it to "space-time atoms", that behave as ideal spheres, which were named Ulianov Spheres or uspheres.The UPL model allows us to observe the emergence of matter and antimatter, derive the law of gravitation and some equation obtained from general relativity (Schwarzschild equation) and also explains the origin of inertial mass. Moreover the UPL model show us some repulsive forces arising from the iteration between particles of matter and antimatter, what is presented in this paper.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] viXra:2308.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-30 23:54:04
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 16 Pages.
Every year on 22 April, we have celebrated Earth Day and the beautiful planet we call home. Earth Day, established in 1970, has been used to highlight our planet’s environmental challenges and raise awareness of the importance of protecting our world for future generations [1]. To provide the protection of our planet, we should explain Earth’s environmental challenges to the best of our knowledge in frames of contemporary Geophysics. This paper gives a short overview of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the principal role of Dark Matter (DM) in the Earth’s life. In this manuscript, we discuss different aspects of the Earth: a condition of Early Earth before the Beginning of life on It; Internal Structure; "The 660-km Boundary" that we named Geoplasma; Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed on a daily basis; Origin of Moon; Expanding Earth; Internal Heating; Faint Young Sun paradox; Geocorona and Planetary Coronas; High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. WUM proposed principally different way to solve the problems of Internal Heating, Origin of the Moon, and Faint Young Sun paradox based on DM core of the Earth. The Model revealed the fact that the Sun Activity causes the Geoplasma Activity and, as a consequence, Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed by the varying Sun’s magnetic field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2308.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-26 23:21:28
Authors: Ruslan Sharipov
Comments: 20 Pages.
The 3D-brane universe model is an alternative non-Einsteinian theory of gravity. The initial version of this theory was built using the so-called equidistance postulate. Its second version is free of the equidistance postulate. In the present paper we rederive the energy conservation law for the gravitational field within the framework of the second extended version of the theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2308.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-25 18:10:58
Authors: Kris M. McKenna
Comments: 41 Pages.
This paper investigates the mathematical connections between the physical domains of gravity and pressure, motivated by the search for a deeper unification between these fundamental forces. A comprehensive analysis across numerous equations reveals striking mathematical resonance suggesting gravity and pressure share foundational origins.Equations governing gravitational and pressure forces exhibit identical inverse square distance dependence, implying a common radial attenuation principle. Spacetime curvature tensors in general relativity bear marked similarity to strain and stress tensors used in pressure models, hinting at a geometric correspondence. Direct mathematical links are provided by hydrostatic equilibrium equations balancing gravity and pressure gradients.Thermodynamic gas expansion equations mirror cosmic expansion equations, further indicating a profound theoretical bond between gravity and pressure. Quantum-level analysis also unveils parallels in wave dispersion and information properties. Together, these abundant similarities strongly intimate gravity arises from pressure gradients in an underlying medium.While gaps remain, translating between mathematical frameworks could enable novel computational techniques and a reconception of spacetime curvature as macroscopic manifestation of microscopic pressure dynamics, demystifying gravity’s fundamental essence. Experimental validation of novel predictions related to dark energy, gravitational waves, lensing, and structure formation would substantiate this unification hypothesis.The proposed research program aims to place unification efforts on a firm empirical footing through simulations, tensor mapping, quantum analysis, and customized coordinate transformations tailored for deeper gravity-pressure connections. If established, the mathematical unity may redefine gravity, sparking breakthroughs in physics across scales from quantum to cosmological.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2308.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-24 21:04:38
Authors: Piscedda Giampaolo
Comments: 4 Pages.
Through Minkowsky’s Geometry and the equation on the curva- ture of a light ray, derived from the Theory of General Relativity, we deduce that in the presence of a mass, a constant volume must always be subtracted from that volume containing that mass, by decreasing the radius of a sphere containing such a mass. So we show that the same phenomenon physic leads also to a reduction in the radius of mass of particles with mass.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2308.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-23 15:21:01
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper explores the possibility of experimentally testing the viscosity of dark matter fluids in laboratories on Earth's surface. From the theoretical calculation results, the viscous force of dark matter fluid and gravity are basically the same order of magnitude as the gravitational force. At the same time, because the experimental devices for measuring the gravitational constant are very precise and can accurately sense changes in gravity, we believe that the existing experimental devices for measuring the gravitational constant can be used to measure the viscosity of dark matter fluids. Since the experiment is carried out on the ground, it is convenient to control various parameters artificially. In this paper, the influence of the viscous force of dark matter fluid on the measurement results of gravitational constant is discussed by analyzing the existing experimental device for measuring the gravitational constant by the angular acceleration feedback (AAF) method. This paper argues that in some current experiments on measuring the gravitational constant by angular acceleration feedback methods, the influence of the viscous force of dark matter fluids has been ignored. If the influence of the viscous force of dark matter fluid is taken into account, the problem of inconsistent results of different experiments can be better solved. After the introduction of the viscosity of dark matter fluids, the upper and lower limits of the gravitational constant (HUST-19) measured by the angular acceleration feedback method of Huazhong University of Science and Technology can be extended to 6.674351×10^(-11) m^3·kg^(-1)·s^(-2) and 6.674551 × 10^(-11) (m^3·kg^(-1)·s^(-2) ), which can improve the inconsistency with the time-of-swing method results to a certain extent.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2308.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-24 03:43:26
Authors: Andrew W Beckwith
Comments: 10 Pages. submitted to JHEPGC for evaluation
We consider if a generalized HUP set greater than or equal to Planck's constant divided by the square of a scale factor, as well as an inflaton field, yields the result that Delta E times Delta t is embedded in a 5 dimensional field which is within a deterministic structure. Our proof concludes with Delta t as of Planck time, resulting in enormous potential energy. If that potential energy is induced by a repeating universe structure, we get a free value of Delta E Delta t that is almost infinite, supporting a prior conclusion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2308.0143 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-07 22:57:32
Authors: Stergios Pellis
Comments: 29 Pages. Published in SSRN Electronic Journal http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4547576 Distributed in Astronomy & Astrophysics eJournal Vol 5, Issue 32, November 22, 2023 Distributed in Accelerators, Beams & Fields eJournal Vol 1, Issue 41, October 04, 2023
In this paper we will study the Hubble constant. From the dimensionless unification of the fundamental interactions will be calculated the theoretical value of the Hubble Constant H0=72.69 (km/s)/Mpc. This value is very close to the last experimental measurements. Also will be presented the formulas of the Hubble constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2308.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-21 16:10:36
Authors: Kris M. McKenna
Comments: 26 Pages.
This paper presents a speculative hypothesis proposing that gravity could emerge as a pressure phenomenon resulting from the displacement of a hypothetical omnipresent dark energy medium by matter. Current physics provides incomplete explanations for the fundamental origins of gravity and the nature of enigmatic dark energy, which drives the accelerated expansion of the universe. This hypothesis aims to construct a conceptual bridge between these two outstanding mysteries by theorizing that dark energy exists as a kind of ether pervading all of space uniformly.According to the hypothesis, concentrations of mass displace and squeeze this dark energy ether locally, producing regions of varying density and pressure gradients within the medium. These hypothesized pressure gradients then exert reactionary forces on matter that manifest at the macro scale as gravitational attraction between masses. In this view, gravity results from matter interacting with and disturbing a universal dark energy field.While departing from the prevailing model of gravity as curvature in spacetime, the hypothesized mechanism does not inherently contradict Einstein's general theory of relativity. However, it proposes a deeper foundation for the origins of gravity in the displacement of a ubiquitous ether. This perspective offers potential avenues for enhancing our understanding of phenomena from black holes to cosmic expansion by modeling their relation to dark energy ether interactions.The paper acknowledges that the hypothesis currently lacks direct empirical support and faces significant theoretical challenges. However, by creatively integrating existing concepts like quantum vacuum energy, emergent forces, and a cosmological medium into a novel framework, it aims to spur productive discourse and exploration around foundational questions in physics. The path forward involves rigorous theoretical development and models paired with experiments and observations that could provide hints about the viability of an ether model of gravity. Even if proven incorrect in its specifics, the hypothesis exemplifies the generative value of bold conjecture in pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2308.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-19 23:33:12
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 29 Pages. To be published in JHEPGC.
We first look at the possibility that the ideas of event horizons for black holes may have their application only in early universe conditions whereas Corda’s ground breaking work rejecting event horizons may be due to the formation of quantum mechanics free of an embedding in 5 dimensions allowing for a simpler more direct approach. Which rejects the idea of a firewall. First, we present the idea of classical black hole physics applied only once as for the early universe, whereas in such a setting, there may be a way to present NLED and structure formation due to an initial entropy approach as outlined . Then the ideas of Corda’s breakthrough are presented for the reasons he illuminated in his recent work, due to QM being fully formed separate from higher dimensional embedding after the initial evolution of the universe
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2308.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-18 16:28:30
Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 12 Pages.
Gravity is a long-range interaction, so the entire causally connected Universe acts gravitationally on a test body. In this investigation, we calculate the cosmic gravitational potential at a fixed location in the Universe. We verified that the most distant bodies are the ones that produce a more intense gravitational action. The Big Bang singularity is responsible for the infinite gravitational potential produced by cosmic radiation, which we avoid by renormalizing the cosmic potential. We calculate the participation of each epoch of the Universe in the cosmic potential and its variation with time
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2308.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-18 19:57:44
Authors: Michael Leon Fontenot
Comments: 1 Page.
The resolution of the Twin Paradox is well-known: during the traveler's (his) instantaneous turnaround, he must conclude that his home twin's (her) age instantaneously increases. But IF it's true that the two separated rockets in the Bell's Paradox (whose accelerometers show equal constant readings) DON'T maintain a constant separation, that CONTRADICTS the resolution of the Twin Paradox. Here's how to see that contradiction: Suppose we start out with him being separated and stationary with respect to her. Imagine that, at the instant before he instantaneously increases his speed toward her, he is colocated and stationary with respect to the TRAILING rocket. And suppose that the LEADING rocket is colocated and stationary with HER then. (The rockets are unaccelerated before and at that instant). When he instantaneously changes his speed with respect to her from zero to some large non-zero value, the two rockets instantaneously do the same thing. During his instantaneous speed change, suppose that the leading rocket is ASSUMED to instantaneously INCREASE its separation from the trailing rocket. THAT would result in HER seeing the leading rocket INSTANTANEOUSLY move a finite distance away from her, WHICH IS ABSURD! So the ASSUMPTION that the separation of the rockets isn't constant CAN’T be correct. Q.E.D.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2308.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-16 15:51:09
Authors: Rodrigo de Abreu
Comments: 7 Pages.
In two recent papers the meaning of the Twins paradox is criticised interestingly and one of the configurations is described in both papers similarly. Therefore, it is easy to address some features of the papers simultaneously. The configuration is about the approaching of the twins in one inertial frame of reference that exhibit complete symmetry. We describe that configuration criticising the approach of both papers with the support of our recent work "The Resolution of the Twin Paradox with Three Frames of Reference — A Mathematical and Physical Report", where we report how we can use a time dilation-like expression eliminating the twin paradox conundrum that standard formulation is unable to accomplish, since misleadingly attribute the meaning of a reciprocal relation to the ageing of the twins. The misinterpretation of the time-like dilation mathematical expression as the time dilation expression.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2308.0106 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-25 08:26:04
Authors: Pankaj Mani
Comments: 20 Pages.
In this paper, I'm looking unconventionally at the underlying Physics behind the Mathematical Equation in context of Riemann Hypothesis to show that Riemann Hypothesis would be true ! It's about the new way of looking at Mathematics where one has to imagine and look at the governing abstract physicalities e.g. symmetry behind the arithmetical operations like addition, multiplication,0, complex numbers, etc. Mathematics has its own abstract Physics behind it. Riemann's Hypothesis is about imagining that rather than trying to solve the equations endlessly in my humble view. It will likely pave the way forward to develop a new branch of discipline to study the abstract physics behind mathematics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2308.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-13 13:56:16
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 7 Pages.
Evidence from recent astrophysical experiments - including the James Webb Telescope (JWST) and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA) - reveal potential inconsistencies with standard Big-Bang cosmology [1-4]. Several competing explanations of these (and similar) anomalies have been suggested, but a conclusive resolution is yet to be seen. The object of this brief note is to bring up a key challenge faced by classical gravity in far-from-equilibrium conditions. These conditions exist in the very early stages of cosmological evolution and point to a paradigm shift in our understanding of foundational physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2308.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-12 06:08:07
Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 3 Pages.
Isaac Newton’s spinning bucket argument demonstrating true spinal motion reference to an absolute space, stand in conflict with Einstein’s special theory of relativity which defines relative spin without an absolute frame of reference. This paper will solve the conflict by introducing a quantized space-time with a staggered frames of reference structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2308.0085 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-28 07:45:27
Authors: Hongyuan Ye
Comments: 9 Pages. version2.0
Based on an in-depth analysis of the Michelsonu2012Morley experiment, this study reveals that the moving speed of the Michelsonu2012Morley experimental apparatus cannot be superimposed on the propagation speed of light in "ether vacuum". Furthermore, there are design flaws in the Michelsonu2012Morley experiment. Therefore, the Lorentz's length contraction hypothesis and the Lorentz transformation have no experimental basis. A new experimental apparatus is proposed in this study to verify the existence of an "ether vacuum" and measure the absolute velocity of the Earth. The new experimental apparatus has an asymmetric optical path structure and double-slit interference. A laser source is divided into two laser beams, the first laser beam is always in the glass medium, and the second laser beam is partially in the glass medium and partially passes through an "ether vacuum". With theoretical analysis and calculation, it can be concluded that the number of interference fringes moving is 1.12 before and after the apparatus is stationary and moving at a constant speed of 100 m/s. To measure the absolute velocity of the earth in the "ether vacuum", the experimental apparatus is placed in different positions and directions and slowly rotated 180 degrees to observe the number of interference fringes moving. When the number of interference fringes moving is the maximum, the x-axis of the experimental apparatus is consistent with the direction of the absolute velocity of the earth. The absolute velocity of the Earth relative to the "ether vacuum" can be calculated with the number of interference fringes moving. The "ether vacuum" is an integral and indivisible absolute stationary space. Therefore, the inertial frames involved in the "ether vacuum" are not independent of each other. Neither Newton's classical principle of relativity, nor Einstein's general validity of the principle of relativity is applicable to inertial frames involving the "ether vacuum". The special relativity derived from the principle of invariance of the speed of light and the general validity of the principle of relativity is no longer true.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2308.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-12 08:25:54
Authors: Anton Biermans
Comments: 47 Pages.
If in a universe which creates itself out of nothing, particles, their properties must be as much the cause as the effect of their interaction, of forces between them, then their communication —and the transmission of light— must be instantaneous: not over any space distance but over any spacetime distance, which is something else entirely. If there would exist only a single electrically charged particle in the entire universe so it cannot express its charge in interactions, then it cannot be charged itself. Charge, any property then must be something which lives within particle interactions, something a particle cannot privately own. Similarly, if by definition there is nothing outside the universe, then it cannot have any particular property nor be in any particular state as a whole as ‘seen’ from the outside (no matter that there is no outside to the universe) as well as seen from within. If, as in big bang cosmology, it at any moment in cosmic time would have particular properties and be in some particular state as a whole, then it would have the same properties and be in the same state as ‘seen’ from without. Though big bang cosmology aims to describe the universe from within, it fails to achieve this, a failure which has disastrous consequences for cosmology in general and for our notion of time in particular. For in speaking about its age, for example, big bang cosmology in fact states that time is defined, that time passes even outside of it —which of course makes no sense and if true would mean that the origin and nature of time cannot be understood even in principle. While a big bang universe lives in a time continuum not of its own making; as a self-creating universe only exists as seen from within, it contains, produces all time inside of it.As a result, time in this universe cannot be observed to pass at the same pace at all distances, so past, present and future are relative, observer-dependent notions —as opposed to big bang cosmology where we can delude ourselves that we can determine what in an absolute sense precedes what, what is cause of what.This paper is an exploratory study into the origin and nature of time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2308.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-17 22:38:41
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 12 Pages.
This paper explores the effects of dark matter fluids on galactic matter within the confines of the solar system. In this way, we can explore the possible effects of dark matter fluids on a smaller scale. The effect of this dark matter fluid in the solar system is mainly the tilt angle of the rotation of the planet or star. Because even in very large-scale cosmic scales, conservation of angular momentum can always be established, so the change of angular momentum has become the most sensitive parameter of galactic matter to external influences. Through the analysis and calculation results of this paper, it is shown that when there is a high-speed relative motion between galactic matter and dark matter fluid, the viscous force of dark matter fluid will cause changes in the orbital or rotational angular momentum of planets or stars like gyroscopes affected by gravity. This may be an important reason for the tilt of the eight planets in the solar system, as well as the sun itself. The calculation results according to the model in this paper show that the calculation results are basically consistent with the actual observed precession period of the major planets and the sun. A few inconsistencies can be corrected by external factors such as asteroid impacts. The significance of this study is to provide an important way to detect the existence of dark matter in a smaller galaxy range, and also estimate some important parameters of dark matter fluid, such as the flow speed of dark matter fluid and the viscosity coefficient of dark matter fluid.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2308.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-11 20:08:53
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 6 Pages.
The paradigm of one omnipresent 4D multiverseembracing a large community of local 4D "bubble"universes is both elegant and physically logical. Onthe other hand, paradigms of numerous 2D stringuniverses curling within a vast number of curling2D stringy branes, with two-way wormholes, isneither elegant nor logical without weird math.Why do so many laypeople and scientists acceptfanciful fake multiverses?
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2308.0046 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-10 00:06:10
Authors: Kennard Callender
Comments: 11 Pages.
The constancy of the speed of light seems to imply that time and space are not absolute. However, we aim to demonstrate that this is not necessarily the case. In this article, we use Newton's concepts of absolute time and absolute space, along with the hypothesis that physical space is four-dimensional, to construct an alternative formulation of special relativity. We prove this formulation is mathematically equivalent to Einstein's theory by deriving the Lorentz transformation from the Galilean transformation for frames of reference in four-dimensional Euclidean space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2308.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-09 18:04:15
Authors: Michael Leon Fontenot
Comments: 1 Page.
For rockets whose accelerometers show identical, constant readings, their separation is constant. The proof of that fact makes use of the limit of a sequence of accelerations "A", lasting for a time "delta_t", such that the total change in rapidity "A*delta_t", and therefore the total change in the velocity, don’t vary for each iteration of the sequence of accelerations. In the limit, as "A" goes to infinity, and "delta_t" goes to zero, the velocity of the rockets changes instantaneously, and their separation doesn’t change. The result is analogous to the CoMoving Inertial Frame (CMIF) simultaneity method of Special Relativity, which says that, according to the traveling twin (him), the home twin (she) instantaneously gets older during his instantaneous turnaround. Likewise, the ages of the people on the leading rocket instantaneously get older during their instantaneous velocity change.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2308.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-08 20:36:22
Authors: Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov
Comments: 26 Pages.
This article presents a new kind of gravitational-wave detector, named by the author as the Witte-Ulianov Time Interferometer (WUTI) gravitational-wave detector. This new detector is based on the General Relativity (GR) concept that gravitational fields change "time flow".In February 2016 the world received news that the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) finally and successfully detected a gravitational-wave. Nevertheless, LIGO´s detectors have several technical limitations, mainly associated with low frequency noise sources, which result in a narrow measuring range, from 80 to 300Hz. It is very little if we consider that important events can generate gravitational-waves having periods of time ranging from a few seconds to several hours long. Using an analogy, we can say that LIGO shows us a universe that can be observed by gravitational-waves. Though, unfortunately, LIGO`s narrow measuring range has not really "opened the door" for this new universe, only allowed us to look at it through the "keyhole".The Witte-Ulianov Time Interferometer can detect gravitational-waves, based on time distortion that, as provided by General Relativity, happens when this kind of wave passes through the detector. To measure distortions of time, WUTI uses the Witte effect. This effect was first observed by R. D Witte in 1991 when he was measuring errors in atomic clocks. The Witte effect allows the observation of time distortions by measuring phase changes over precise time sources. This author believes that the Witte effect enables us to measure changes in the "time flow" between two points in a space, using two very accurate clock sources (atomic clocks or high stable frequency laser sources). When these clocks are hit by a gravitational-wave, the "time flux" between these points changes. These changes can be easily observed using phase comparators. As the WUTI detector of gravitational-waves monitors "Time flow", its operation is minimally affected by physical phenomenon, in contrast to the LIGO detectors that are affected by many noise sources (mainly in low frequencies).Therefore, the WUTI detector is able to operate without low frequency limitation, making it possible to detect gravitational-waves that have time periods of seconds, minutes or even hours. This allows the detection of very slow of gravitational fields, enabling the observation of variations in the fields around Earth, caused by the planet´s displacement and rotation. The WUTI is able to observe the moon and the sun´s gravitational fields, and also the Milky Way´s gravitational variations. This means this detector can "see" not only gravitational-waves, but also the Gravity Ocean in which the Earth sails.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2308.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-08 20:33:08
Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 8 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)
There is, among some scientists and philosophers, the idea that any theory that would allow the time travel would introduce causal issues. These types of temporal paradoxes can be avoided by the Novikov self-consistency principle or by a variation in the interpretation of many worlds with interacting worlds. The world in which we live has, according to David Lewis, a Parmenidean ontology: "a manifold of events in four dimensions," and the occupants of the world are the 4-dimensional aggregates of the stages - "temporal lines". The causal loops in backwards time travel involve events that appear to "come from nowhere," paradoxical "self-existent" objects or information, resulting in a bootstrap paradox. Many believe that causality loops are not impossible or unacceptable, but only inexplicable.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2308.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-07 23:24:00
Authors: Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov
Comments: 18 Pages. This article had been published in 2016, in Global Journal of Physics, 4(2), 404-421. But now they "disappeared" from the internet...
According to General Relativity, a passing gravitational wave can "shrink" objects and change their lengths. On this basis, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory’s (LIGO) designers used a modified Michelson interferometer, thinking that gravitational waves could be recorded by using laser beam interference to observe the interferometer’s arm variations. However, LIGO’s detectors have a basic problem: Light fields are also affected by passing gravitational waves. When one gravitational wave "hits" LIGO’s interferometers, it does not only "shrink" the interferometer’s arms, but in fact, distorts its own space-time fabric, also "shrinking" the light beams. This means that no phase difference can be observed in the output of Michelson’s interferometer, thus, gravitational waves cannot be recorded using this kind of equipment. Considering this problem, this author believes that LIGO’s detectors are not able to detect gravitational waves. However, after more than a decade in operation, without showing any results, in February 2016 the LIGO team announced the first detection of a gravitational wave in the GW150914 event, supposedly to be related to the collision of two black holes. Despite the fact that more than 400 physicists say that LIGO’s detection is true, for this author, Einstein’s equivalence principle presents a barrier for the operation of LIGO’s system, therefore, preventing it from detecting gravitational waves. This author has accessed the data from the GW150914 event and, by playing "devil's advocate", has gone beyond the LIGO team’s basic analysis. The results of the analysis, presented in this article, point to the fact that the signals recorded by LIGO at the GW150914 event, cannot originate from the collision of two black holes, instead probably being the result of random noise sources picked up by the detectors
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2308.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-05 20:46:21
Authors: Stergios Pellis
Comments: 29 Pages.
From the dimensionless unification of the fundamental interactions we will discover a new simple Large Number Hypothesis which calculates the Mass,the Age and the Radius of the universe. The diameter of the observable universe will be calculated to be equal to the ratio of electric force to gravitational force between electron and proton on the reduced Compton wavelength of the electron 2·RU=N1·ƛc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2308.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-04 21:00:04
Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 6 Pages. In Romanian
Classical Newtonian gravity admits a geometrical description. Together with special relativity, this allows for a heuristic description of general relativity. Inertial motion in classical mechanics is related to the geometry of space and time, basically along geodesics where universe lines are straight lines in relativistic spacetime. According to general relativity, the force of gravity is a manifestation of the local space-time geometry. General relativity is a metric theory of gravity. At its base are Einstein's equations, which describe the relationship between the geometry of a four-dimensional, pseudo-Riemannian manifold representing space-time and the energy-momentum contained in that space-time. Gravity corresponds to changes in the properties of space and time, which in turn alter the paths of objects.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2308.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2023-08-04 00:07:38
Authors: James S. OSHEA
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper evaluates cosmological redshift as a function of the relative cosmic age of the emitter and observer of light, suggesting a model of spatial expansion that radically differs from the present interpretation. This Stationary Light model suggests that the propagation of light and expansion of space are synonymous. We can yield close numerical agreement of the distance/redshift relation to λCDM without the consideration of any conventional or theoretical forces, and thus no consideration of density (Ω).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2308.0006 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-14 02:10:47
Authors: John Malcolm Newell
Comments: 9 Pages.
If special relativity describes a complex time relationship between objects inrelative motion then there is an alternate explanation for electrical interaction, inertiaand maybe even gravity, which allows a mechanism of action for emdrive propulsion.These notions are exceedingly speculative but it is now necessary to find atheory of radiation which does not raise paradox. Refusal to experimentallyinvestigate the functionality of emdrive propulsion by the physics community lackscourage. Considering the reasonable cost and relative ease of conducting theseexperiments properly and the enormous potential benefits to transportation, spacenavigation and physical science, it is a great shame that it has yet to be thoroughlytested by anyone but its inventor. The hurdles are theoretical, the Complex timerequired to resolve a mechanism of action for the emdrive may also resolve nonlocality.This essay is a call for these question to be explored and these experiments tobe conducted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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