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[21] viXra:2211.0158 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-25 06:14:47
Authors: Claudio Marchesan
Comments: 11 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
This paper speaks of the measurement of the CMB from the point of view of a non-standard model named 4-Sphere.The CMB is the result of the expansion of the Radiation Era relic. The consequence of this is in its homogeneity and isotropy even among distant points of the Universe. We can find small difference of its property, say CMB anisotropies [1], for various reasons. The most important concerns the discontinuities in the primordial plasma concentration, with production of gravity and pressure gradients of local character coming from the Inflationary Era. Physicists think these are the origin of galaxies and galaxy clusters.Given the extreme complexity of the matter we will not adapt the Cosmological Perturbation of ΛCDM to 4-Sphere, but we will limit ourselves to a qualitative description of radiation interacting with the plasma, with pressure gradients proceeding in one isochoric scenario. We will show that all this is compatible with the "bottom-up" growth of the galactic structures we observe now. A snapshot at Last Scattering of this situation is transmitted to us through the anisotropy of the CMB. We will see how the CMB dipole, measured by an observer in peculiar motion, is coherent with the 4-Sphere geometry. But the discussion is mainly about the temperature anisotropy due to cosmological perturbations. It follows that, with a directional antenna, what we measure is the interference of the overlapping radiation from two opposite directions: Maybe it could arise from the same cosmological perturbation. From that, a way to recognize the existence of the fourth dimension of space is proposed, as a verification of the 4-Sphere model.Somewhere in the discussion there are questions and answers to ChatGPT, our Artificial Intelligence (see https://openai.com/), to know his thought and fill the gap in knowledge.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2211.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-25 15:20:26
Authors: Michael Girgis
Comments: 11 Pages.
inverse relativity as a new physical model is combined with thermodynamics to obtain relativistic transformations of thermodynamic variables such as volume, pressure and temperature, from the modified Lorentz transformations of space coordinates in inverse relativity, we get one transformation of volume, and from the energy transformations in inverse relativity, we get only one temperature transformation, and through transformations of the volume and temperature of the gas, we also get only one transformation of the pressure of the gas, and thus we have one model for relativistic thermodynamics, which is what special relativity failed in, the single model also includes how to solve relativistic thermodynamics problems resulting from special relativity, this shows us the superiority of inverse relativity over special relativity in application.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2211.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-25 08:14:18
Authors: Yuan Pan, Yong Wen Pan
Comments: Pages.
Based on Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP), a method of describing the gravitational field by the special relativity formula is proposed. The equation for the transformation of the coordinates between the spacetime point of the gravitational field and the inertial reference system is derived. The conclusion that the mass of an object in a gravitational field follows the strength of the gravitational force is obtained. The gravitational drive (curvature drive) effect is briefly described, and it is pointed out that the gravitational drive effect is the source of the dark energy of the Universe. The gravitational drive effect is calculated to produce a negative pressure of matter on the cosmic scale, with a ratio of pressure to energy density of -2/3. It is also calculated that the rotation of the Earth is faster at aphelion than at perihelion under the gravitational drive effect, and that the length-of-the-day (LOD) is reduced by 0.02851 milliseconds. It is analysed that as the solar system orbits the Milky Way, the Galactic plane, the Galactic centre and the Great Attractor all have an effect on the Earth's mass variation, causing a periodic change in the Earth's mass, which we call a tidal wave of mass. Thus, a galactic year can be divided into four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, according to the influence of the galactic gravitational field environment on the Earth. The Earth is currently in the autumn of the galactic year and is losing mass under the influence of tidal waves of mass caused by gravitational changes in the galactic plane and the galactic centre, which is making the Earth's climate hot and arid. In the future, when the Earth's mass stops decreasing, it will rapidly increase under the influence of tidal waves of mass caused by Great Attractor, and the survival of humanity will be severely tested. We therefore need to establish a broad international cooperation to unite humanity to face the challenges posed by the coming universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2211.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2024-03-14 20:43:01
Authors: Yi-Liu Fan
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this paper we will make further theoretical analysis for the validity of the accelerating universe based on General Relativity and three new problems of the standard model of the universe are presented from different perspectives. The first part, analyzed the explosion mechanism of the cosmic initial singularity and put forward a different view from the rest. It’s virtually impossible to start with a giant explosion, the big bang by now cosmologists had refined the idea. The second part devised a new model of the twin paradox. It’s one in which people have been consider to include both special and general relativity in the calculations to expose the counterintuitive weirdness of relativity theory. It seems to has a curious coincidence with the cat-a feline in a locked box that is both dead and alive until the box is opened-was a thought experiment devised by physicist Schr ödinger. In part three the author makes determination on the cosmological deceleration parameter q0 by using mathematical derivation, and based on which to construct a thought experiment on cosmological redshift. It is needed to make a static model of the universe that both conforms to the Copernican principle and satisfies Hubble’s law and it’s possible to make us a fresh perspective and thought process.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2211.0117 [pdf] replaced on 2024-04-28 20:18:53
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 8 Pages. In Spanish
New calculation method about frequency shift in gravitational field on the frame of special relativity of fields. Connections with others fields of study.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2211.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-18 09:48:09
Authors: Jouni Puuronen
Comments: 2 Pages.
We conclude that the simplest explanation for Hubble's law and the cosmic microwave background radiation is that our Milky Way is at some arbitrary location in some ordinary explosion that has a center somewhere, and that has occurred in flat spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2211.0098 [pdf] replaced on 2024-09-17 23:58:27
Authors: Florian Michael Schmitt
Comments: 19 Pages.
Special and general relativity have proven to be powerful tools to explain and predict many, if not all applicable experiments and effects related to the speed and propagation of electromagnetic waves. Yet, for more than a hundred years, mankind has failed to find a connection between relativity and quantum physics, and one has to wonder which of the theories might be flawed. For nearly twenty years, I have put many of the consequences of relativity to the test and have concluded that something new must be introduced. I propose a Theory of Gravitulence that clears up relativity, the ether and Lorentz contraction, but explains all of the prominent phenomena. In the process it reveals some fatal misunderstandings about light propagation and gravity, most importantly that gravity would corotate with its inducing matter and that aberration, considering light coming as a beam, would only happen in the short vicinity of the observer.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2211.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-15 10:31:51
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 5 Pages.
It is possible to use ftl-travel with two spacetime-line-elements of second order in flat Minkowski-spacetime. These line-elements are coupled via a third, variable factor, whose controlling allows to regulate the resulting line-element of fourth order. Setting the coupling-factor to zero, there remains classical SRT line-element and both line-elements depart from each-other.The case of ftl can be done by real restmass, so no classical tachyons are described but the case included possible negative restenergy and negative kinetic-energy under special circumstances.For the case of appearing negativism, this is a function of the strength of the coupling-factor , this negativism can be avoided by chosing a certain weak coupling-strength.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2211.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-14 03:29:10
Authors: Fuad Shalabi
Comments: 8 Pages. Understandig Gravity, Quantumgravity
Gravitation is still not a fully deciphered phenomenon. Neither Newton nor Einstein couldname the real reason for gravity. Our current theory of gravity is difficult to representvisually and therefore difficult for non hysicists like me to grasp. And the mathematical description by General Relativity (GR) is highly complicated. With this paper I would like to bring you closer to my concept of gravitation. In this concept, I am going to give you a reason for gravity. I will bring GR and Special Relativity (SR) closer together. I will describe known phenomena like the light deflection at the sun, the Shapiro Delay,gravitational lensing and the perihelion rotation of Mercury with the inner logic of my model. All in a simple and clear way. I will introduce a new term for matter — Spacematter. After reading this paper, I hope you will get an idea of my insight and will find it as helpful in understanding gravity as I do.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2211.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-13 02:23:27
Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 6 Pages.
The results of scientific experiments are usually evaluated according to their initial intention. Which other hypotheses the experiments support is not included in methodology protocols. Due to the natural specialties of light, which are different from masses/bodies; the results of some light-specific experiments have been reinterpreted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2211.0075 [pdf] replaced on 2024-04-22 21:13:47
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 9 Pages. In Spanish
Calculation of deflection of photons during its sun transit by several ways. Calculation will be performed as Soldner done.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2211.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-29 08:26:40
Authors: Moshe Segal
Comments: 8 Pages.
Einstein’s General Relativity Theory provided an explanation for the source of the attraction between Massive Bodies, which was unexplained, even though Newton’s Universal Gravitational Law provided the magnitude of the attraction force and the direction of this force between two Massive Bodies. Einstein’s General Relativity Theory used the observation that Newton’s Gravitational Field is also a form of acceleration, and it used this observation to introduce Einstein’s Interwoven Space/Time notion, which explained the source of the attraction between Massive Bodies.However, the source of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies is still a mystery today, even though the structures of Newton’s Universal Gravitational Law, and Coulomb’s Law, are identical.This paper provides the prediction that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration.Based on this prediction, a paper published by the author of this paper, expands Einstein’s General Relativity Theory to include Electrically Charged Bodies in addition to Massive Bodies, which also provides an explanation to the source of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies.However, the prediction that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration also implies that the acceleration between two Electrically Charged bodies, attracted to, or repelled from each other, according to Coulomb’s Law, is mainly dependent on the magnitudes of the Electric Charges that these bodies carry and not on the magnitudes of the Mass that these bodies embed, as Newton’s Second Law of Motion predicts.Thus, if the prediction, that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration will be found correct, Newton’s Second Law of Motion would require a suitable modification.This paper also proposes a physical experiment which might prove (or disprove) the prediction provided by this paper, that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration, which might prove (or disprove) what is presented in this paper.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2211.0057 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-06 02:38:35
Authors: Martin R. Johnson
Comments: 26 Pages. this revision gives a corrected entropic partition and includes photon entropy in the discussion..
Most of the Universe’s baryon mass lies in the intergalactic medium, is unaccreted, and can be treated as an ideal monatomic gas with a uniform comoving density. The thermal loss of such a gas is herein shown to partition into one-third gravity gain and two-thirds entropic gain. The entropic gain of an unbound gas with uniform comoving density is differentially expressed as instant pressure. This instant pressure is proposed as the principal cause of the Hubble parameter. Using gas laws, a three-term expression of the gas’s Hubble parameter can be derived from estimated present-day energy density values, which are extrapolated to the time of last scattering, when baryon content was all unaccreted atoms having a uniform comoving density. This "GCDM thermal model" gives an exclusive dependence of the Hubble parameter on baryon mass density. The ΛCDM model is similarly covariant but uses total energy as the central variable instead of baryon mass. Instant pressure at last scatter gives a Hubble parameter that is 25% larger than the value found from baryon acoustic oscillation calculations, which rely on ΛCDM’s Friedmann and fluid equations as accurate. These two equations appear to be inaccurate for that time period. Relativistic energy at last scatter gave increased instant pressure, as it made the baryons more dense. These two models’ opposing predictions of the effect of relativistic energy density on the Hubble parameter is proposed as the cause of the Hubble tension. Today, the intergalactic medium consists of a plasma. The plasma’s instant pressure is fed by Compton scattering and covariant with photon flux. Much of this pressure doesn’t obey the gas laws, as it arises from high-energy suprathermal electrons. This suprathermal pressure in the late Universe is expressed within the ΛCDM model by giving Einstein’s time-invariant Λ a nonzero value. The effects attributed to Λ are proposed to instead arise from the ratio of suprathermal to thermal energies in the intergalactic medium. Both the presently held time-invariance of Λ, and the Hubble tension, are proposed to arise from neglect of entropic gain. Entropic gain is not found within the ΛCDM model because the Friedmann and fluid equations which comprise the model are developed isoentropically.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2211.0055 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-24 14:22:56
Authors: Manfred U. E. Pohl
Comments: 5 Pages. included detailed description of dimensional analysis and derivation of the experiment
Following the ideas presented in "Search for the World Formula" and "Unified Principles of Nature" as well as in tentative "General Quantum Relativity" it was presented a novel combination of mathematics and physics for quantization of the 3 Dimensions of space (L3) to 5 Dimensions space-time (L3T2). Here is a brief excerpt at a glance on one single page to show the true nature of the "constant" "speed of light in vacuum" and to what extent the existence of this constant c proves that spacetime in reality is 5-dimensional.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2211.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-05 02:01:59
Authors: Michael Girgis
Comments: 11 Pages.
When applying the Lorentz transformations of the coordinates of space to different types of volumes such as the volume of a gas and the rational volume between the gas and its molecules in a thermodynamic system, the observer gets contradictory results in the same frame of reference, Although the contradictory results are for different types of volumes, but both types are thermodynamic variables, or in other words, both types have an effect on gas pressure, Thus, the observer gets contradictory results also in the same frame of reference for relativistic pressure, as a result, the Lorentz transformations for different volumes represent a new paradox in special relativity, this paradox is not a mistake in special relativity, but it reveals to us the limits of the special theory of relativity in application, and the reasons for the failure to combine special relativity with thermodynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2211.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-05 02:07:27
Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F. M. Becker
Comments: 9 Pages.
Several theoretical equations are derived which determine the vacuum permittivity, vacuum permeability, free impedance and speed of light to a highly convergent value on the order of $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-9}$. Their dependence is related to the particle horizon, Hubble horizon, Planck length, proton wavelength and the fine structure constant. Due to these highly convergent equations, an image of both the photon and the vacuum may start to emerge.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2211.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-03 13:30:00
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 9 Pages.
It is known that large-scale dynamical systems can sustain a rich variety of collective phenomena. This brief note argues that the cosmology of the early Universe can be viewed as critical behavior in continuous dimensions. We find that the self-similar properties of the metric near the Big Bang singularity are comparable to the effects produced by minimal fractality of spacetime far above the electroweak scale.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2211.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-04 01:27:04
Authors: Enrique Dominguez Pinos
Comments: 24 Pages.
Full analogy between electromagnetism and gravity, with mass wave calculation through solar system simulation sourced with ephemeris data fromhorizons. Argument of mercury perihelion precession against general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2211.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-01 11:02:59
Authors: Huaiyang Cui
Comments: 19 Pages.
In analogy with the ultimate speed c, there is an ultimate acceleration β, nobody's acceleration can exceed this limit β, in the solar system, β=2.961520e+10(m/s2). Because this ultimate acceleration is large, any effect related to β will become easy to test, including quantum gravity tests. In this paper, an approach is put forward to connect the ultimate acceleration with quantum theory, and is applied to sunspot problems. The sunspot cycle is calculated to be 10.93 years due to the ultimate acceleration. Due to quantum effect of the ultimate acceleration, the atmospheric constructive interference condition takes place at certain latitudes where are traditional habitats of migratory birds, so this relativistic approach provides a direction guidance for bird migration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2211.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2022-11-08 23:25:05
Authors: A. J. Owen
Comments: 9 Pages.
It is shown here that the currently accepted solution in general relativity predicting black holes and an event horizon is unphysical. The spacetime outside a point mass is entirely regular, the effective gravitational mass decreases to zero as a test object comes into close proximity with it, and free-fall velocities do not exceed the speed of light. The ring-like radio images of galactic centres can be attributed to gravitational lensing of regular point sources.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2211.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-01 00:52:03
Authors: V. E. Yumashev
Comments: 3 Pages.
Any hypothesis, in order to become a theory, must be confirmed by experiment. Recently, devices have appeared that can be used to try to confirm the existence of a chronofield in our universe. Two possible experiments are considered that can confirm this.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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