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[6] viXra:2608.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-21 00:43:27
Authors: Tanuj Kumar, Vandana [Doe], Jyoti [Doe]
Comments: 34 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Both the first and last names of the authors are required; please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We develop an effective continuum framework in which the physical vacuum is characterized by a bounded scalar capacity field Φ(x,t), with normalized remaining-capacity fraction f=Phi /c^{2}. Matter is represented by localized depletion of this capacity, while gravitation arises from the associated redistribution of the remaining vacuum response. In the weak-field limit, the governing equation reduces to the Poisson equation and reproduces Newtonian gravity. A nonlinear capacity-dependent response yields the exterior solution Phi (r)=c^{2}sqrt{1-2Gm/(rc^{2})}, or equivalently f(r)=sqrt{1-2Gm/(rc^{2})}. Relating the local capacity fraction to temporal and reciprocal radial scaling reconstructs the Schwarzschild exterior line element ds^{2}=-f^{2}c^{2}dt^{2}+f^{-2}dr^{2}+r^{2}d{Omega }^{2}, together with its standard weak-field gravitational optical response. The same continuum dynamics admit localized intrinsic oscillations which, under the quantum normalization mathrm{hbar }{omega }_{0}=mc^{2}, yield the Planck—Einstein and de Broglie relations through Lorentz transformation of the intrinsic phase. The resulting dispersion relation takes the Klein—Gordon form and reduces to the Schrödinger equation in the nonrelativistic limit. Massive excitations propagate subluminally, whereas massless disturbances remain nondispersive with limiting propagation speed c. The framework thus provides a common continuum description of vacuum depletion, emergent gravitation and spacetime scaling, and relativistic matter-wave dynamics, while identifying strong-field dynamical phenomena as a potential regime for distinguishing predictions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2608.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-17 13:18:28
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 9 Pages.
Incompleteness of mainstream theories narrows the scope of their applicability. We showed the origin of indestructibility of the cores of baryons described in the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) that leads to the true internal structures of black holes (BHs). Here we show that black holes are some associations of the neutron black holes (NBHs) with an invariant mass that is equal to 24.81 solar masses. The catalogs of binary mergers suggest that the NBHs can absorb the excited stellar black holes described in this article. Calculated here masses of such excited states are 2.68, 3.66, 4.87, 6.21, 10.16 solar masses. There also can be mergers only of the excited states. The excited stellar BHs are built of the cores of baryons packed to maximum. We showed that masses of the stellar black holes decrease when their mass density increases. We also calculated the coupling constant and involved energies in the quantum entanglement. We showed also the origin of the black hole star MoM-BH*-1 and that in the early Universe, due to the massive collisions of NBHs and created repulsive dark energy, masses of massive black holes rapidly decreased rather than increased.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2608.0049 [pdf] replaced on 2026-08-21 18:36:43
Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 10 Pages.
"Big G" is a constant of the Universe; this is its fundamental meaning. Despite more than 200 years of sophisticated experiments, it remains the least precise fundamental constant in physics. "Big G" is not measured directly; it is calculated from Newton's law of gravitation. However, this law has a limitation: it does not take into account the gravity of the Universe. All laboratories obtain G values that are outside the permissible error limits. It is shown that the reason for the discrepancies lies in the fact that the gravitational background of the Universe is not taken into account in the calculation: (mc^2)√Ʌ. This leads to a shift in the G values by varying amounts, depending on the contribution of (mc^2)√Ʌ. In essence, metrologists were the first to experimentally detect an external factor of a gravitational nature, which is not included in Newton's law. Physics has traditionally posed challenges to metrology and developed thanks to the results of precise measurements. As R. Davis [2] notes, an increase in accuracy by even one decimal place reveals new physical realities and confirms or refutes existing theories. In the situation with measuring "big G," metrology has outpaced physical theory. Discrepancies in G values showed that Newton's local law of gravity does not allow for its precise value. For the first time in the history of science, metrology had grounds to pose a challenge to theoretical physics: "We have no doubt about the accuracy of our instruments; we have discovered an unaccounted cosmological factor that is not included in your law; a new law of gravity is needed that will allow us to correctly calculate the value of Big G." The Big G crisis is not caused by "bad instruments," but by the imperfection of the physical law from which it is calculated.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2608.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-12 02:22:15
Authors: J. W. A. Zwart
Comments: 15 Pages.
The dark matter mediating medium for the pseudo vectors carries by definition four independent vector cells of the components for acceleration, spin and precession making up twelve combinations of pseudo vectors cells. The conjugated medium at the absolute zero energy state consists of solely pseudo e-neutrino triplets as a dynamic non destructible equilibrium in cubic pyramid symmetry. At a relativistic thermodynamic level of electron energy the pseudo vector medium consists of pseudo μ-triplets in cubic symmetry mixed to a triplets of τ-pseudos in cubic symmetry together guided by the pseudo e-neutrinos. Both the μ- and τ- triplets carry always the rotations for τ-triplets perpendicular to the μ-triplets suggesting orthogonal cubic pyramid symmetry. The top in equilateral pyramid symmetry of equal dimension for the base triangle in the cubic symmetry provides the dynamic electric charge in one polarity following the acceleration vector component of the pseudo vector cells. The time intervals for the electric charge dynamics give the sequential conjugated inversion shifts along the rotation axis of the height of the equilateral pyramid. Common sense reasoning for the some scaling calculations shows the validity of the statement in this abstract and explained in the paper below. Extension in par 7.0 and 7.1. For the conclusion see 9 for the limit of quantum gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2608.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-11 01:56:57
Authors: Carlos Castro, E.I Guendelman
Comments: 39 Pages.
The string tensions can be dynamical as one of us (EG) has studied in recent publications. For example, in the case when string theories are formulated in the modified measure formalism where string and brane tensions appear as an additionaldynamical degree of freedom. It is found that the tension values assigned to these strings and branes may not fixed (universal), but rather that each string and brane acquires its own tension with a different value for each string and brane. We havedisplayed cases where the spontaneous breaking of target space scale invariance is produced in the process of string-tension-generation, except for some limits where the tensions dynamically approach infinity. The introduction of internal gauge fieldsgoverns the dynamical tensions of the strings, and specific sources for these gauge fields provide diverse tensions. In this work it is shown that in special cases where the tensions have the exponential form exp(ασ1) or exp(ασ0), in the conformal gauge, the target space scale invariance can be restored by considering shifts in either the (spatial) σ1 or (temporal) σ0 string world-sheet coordinates. In the first case, the (open) strings must be of infinite length and cannot have boundaries in order to respect target space scaleinvariance. While in the second case we can consider closed or open strings without breaking target space scale invariance. World sheet conformal invariance implies a Ricci flat condition for an effective metric and which is consistent with the expected equations of motion of the strings. Boundary conditions can be introduced by introducing charges that couple to the internal gauge fields. Point like sources break the scale invariance point-wise which can lead to very interesting consequences, like the construction ofsemi-open strings which are strings which connect to a charge only at one point and where along the other direction the tension decays. These serve as models of deconfined quarks. Generalizations of these effects to brane like solutions in Milne and Wesson spaces, etc. are also discussed.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2608.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-02 12:54:22
Authors: MingLai Man
Comments: 9 Pages.
An axiomatic framework for the temporal structure of quantum pure states is formulated. In addition to time-reversal symmetry, two ontological postulates are introduced: binary reality and coherent composition. A physically complete pure state is required to contain two distinct time-reversal-related branches with a definite relative phase. We prove that, for a time-reversal-covariant Hamiltonian, the reversed branch obtained by applying the antiunitary time-reversal operator to the time-reflected forward solution satisfies the same Schrödinger equation. Linearity and coherent composition then imply a coherent superposition of the two partners. The theorem does not require different energy eigenvalues: the partners may lie in the same degenerate eigenspace. The result is therefore a conditional theorem of the enlarged axiomatic framework rather than a derivation of quantum superposition from standard time-reversal symmetry alone.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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