Classical Physics

A Potential-Changing Bipolar Junction Transistor for Thermoelectric Applications

Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Qichang Liang, Yu Liang
Comments: 4 Pages.

A novel potential-changing bipolar junction transistor is designed where collector-base junction has a larger barrier potential than emitter-base junction. As carriers move from the emitter tothe collector, they experience a potential rise and absorb heat due to Peltier effect insemiconductors. Such kind of transistor can be used for refrigeration and solar electricity withhigh efficiency.
Category: Classical Physics

Interpretation of Higher Order Field Terms

Authors: Dennis Adam Bluver
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, the higher-order terms are evaluated for an electric potential field equation derived from a unified classical electrostatic-gravitational field theory. It is shown that the higher order terms represent higher order gravitational interactions arising due to gravity coupling to itself. It is shown that in the low-voltage limit, these approximately correspond to the expected magnitude and sign expected from classical gravitation. In the high-voltage limit, these terms are of a hyperbolic trigonometric form and appear to have a finite sum. This strongly suggests that this theory will not require re-normalization even in higher dimensions. After evaluation of the mathematics, a new mechanistic explanation for these self-gravitation terms is also provided from the new theory.
Category: Classical Physics

Antena Escalar T Inversa para banda de 2 m
Inverse T Scalar Antenna for 2 m band

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 7 Pages. Contact: carloschiappini@gmail.com

Buen comportamiento. Construcción extremadamente sencilla. El módulo de Z varía entre 44,8 y 50,5 ohm desde 144 hasta 148 MHz. Resonancia en 146,15 MHz. La ganancia es superior a 6 dB en todas las frecuencias de la banda. ROE=1,06 en 146 MHz y en toda la banda se mantiene inferior a 1,4 . Recomendable para quien desea iniciarse en la experimentación con antenas.

Good behavior. Extremely simple construction. The modulus of Z varies between 44.8 and 50.5 ohms from 144 to 148 MHz. Resonance at 146.15 MHz. Gain is higher to 6 dB at all frequencies in the band. SWR=1.06 at 146 MHz and throughout the band remains below 1.4. Recommended for those who want to start experimenting with antennae.
Category: Classical Physics

A Transistor That Changes Potential of Carriers

Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Qichang Liang, Yu Liang
Comments: 2 Pages.

A novel potential-changing transistor is designed using two PN junctions with different barrier values. The emitter-base junction has a small potential barrier which is forward biased. The collector-base junction has a large potential barrier and is unbiased. As the charge carriers move from the emitter to the base, most of them are swept to the collector due to the collector-base junction field. Since the collector-base barrier is larger than the emitter-base barrier, the potential of charge carriers is changed.
Category: Classical Physics

Hydrogen Spectral Series as Harmonic Overtones of a Single Fundamental Wavelength

Authors: P. G. Vejde
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper all lines of the six observed Hydrogen spectral series in and around the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum are accurately and correctly modelled in a first order approximation using harmonic overtones and subharmonics (undertones) generated from a single fundamental wavelength. The fundamental wavelength predicted in this paper is the Lyman alpha wavelength of 121.57nm.
Category: Classical Physics

O Noua Ipoteza in Fizica Si Cateva Consecinte Ale Ei
A New Hypothesis in Physics and Some of Its Consequences

Authors: Adrian Gheorghe
Comments: 170 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)

În lucrare sunt expuse încercările personale de explicitare prin raţionamente simple a sensuluifizic al constantelor fizice universale (a interacţiunii gravitaţionale G, a interacţiunilorelectroastatice capa k şi constanta de acţiune h). Adimensionalitatea constantelor G şi kconduce la ipoteza identităţii dimensiunii fizice a masei gravifice m (egală cu masa inertă),cu dimensiunea fizică a sarcinii electrice q , ipoteză ale cărei câteva consecinţe logice suntexpuse în cuprinsul lucrării. Adoptarea acestei ipoteze duce la o semantică exactă (ladefinirea clară) a conceptelor (a mărimilor) cu care lucrează fizica şi la evidenţiereasistemului bidimensional al mărimilor fizice (s.b.m.f.), sistem în care masa m nu mai estemărime fizică fundamentală, ci apare (este exprimată) ca relaţie între spaţiu şi timp.

In the work, the personal attempts to explain the meaning through simple reasonings are exposedphysics of universal physical constants (of gravitational interaction G, of interactionselectrostatic charge k and action constant h). The dimensionlessness of the constants G and kleads to the hypothesis of the identity of the physical size of the gravitational mass m (equal to the inert mass), with the physical dimension of the electric charge q, hypothesis of which there are several logical consequences exposed in the work. Adopting this assumption leads to an exact semantics (la clear definition) of the concepts (of quantities) with which physics works and highlighting of the two-dimensional system of physical quantities (s.b.m.f.), a system in which the mass m no longer exists fundamental physical quantity, but appears (is expressed) as a relationship between space and time.
Category: Classical Physics

Theory of Harmonic Oscillations: A Gross Error in Physics

Authors: Temur Z. Kalanov
Comments: 19 Pages. How to cite this article: Temur Z. Kalanov (2022). Theory of Harmonic Oscillations: A Gross Error in Physics. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences- Physics, 41D (2), 1-7.

The critical analysis of the foundations of the standard theory of harmonic oscillations is proposed. The unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is methodological basis of the analysis. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this theory represents gross error. The substantiation (validation) of this statement is the following main results. I. In the case of the material point suspended on the elastic spring, the linear differential equation of harmonic oscillations is the equation (condition) of balance of Newton’s force (Newton’s second law) and "Hooke’s force" ("Hooke’s law" as pseudolaw). This equation contains the following gross methodological errors: (a) the differential equation of motion of the material point does not satisfy the dialectical principle of the unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of physical quantities (i.e., Newton’s force and Hooke’s force). In other words, the left and right sides of the differential equation (i.e., the equation of balance of the forces) have no identical qualitative determinacy: the left side of the the equation of balance of the forces represents Newton’s force, and the right side of the the equation of balance of the forces represents the "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw); (b) the sum of Newton’s force and the "Hooke force" (as pseudolaw) in the the equation of balance of the forces is equal to zero. This means that the sum of the numerical values of Newton’s force and "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) is equal to zero. Consequently, the numerical values of Newton’s force and "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) are equal to zero in the region of neutral real numbers. This means that the equation of balance of the forces is incorrect; (c) "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) in the equation of balance of the forces represents the product of the spring constant (coefficient of stiffness of the spring) and the coordinate of the material point. In this case, "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) does not represent Hooke’s law. "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) contradicts to Hooke’s law because the coordinate of rhe material point does not determine the spring constant (coefficient of stiffness of the spring). "Hooke’s force" (as pseudolaw) has the dimension of Newton’s force. But, as the practice of measurement of Hooke’s force with the help of a dynamometer shows, the dynamometer readings are real neutral numbers with the dimension "kilogram-force"...(Truncated by xiXra Admin)
Category: Classical Physics

FM-Frequency Modulation Bandwidth and the Proof of the Bessel's Series

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 12 Pages.

Here is a proof of the Bessel’s Series used to figure out the bandwidth in the FrequencyModulation-FM.
Category: Classical Physics

Pressure Sensor Chip with New Electrical Circuit for 10 kPa Range

Authors: Mikhail Basov
Comments: 13 Pages.

Characteristics of high sensitivity MEMS pressure sensor chip for 10 kPa utilizing a novel electrical circuit are presented. The electrical circuit uses piezosensitive differential amplifier with negative feedback loop (PDA-NFL) based on two bipolar-junction transistors (BJT). The BJT has a vertical structure of n-p-n type (V-NPN) formed on a non-deformable chip area. The circuit contains eight piezoresistors located on a profiled membrane in the areas of maximum mechanical stresses. The experimental results prove that pressure sensor chip PDA-NFL with 4.0×4.0 mm2 chip area has sensitivity S = 10.1 ± 2.3 mV/V/kPa with nonlinearity of 2KNL = 0.26 ± 0.12 %/FS (pressure is applied from the back side of pressure sensor chip).
Category: Classical Physics