Astrophysics

On the Big Split of the Primal Cosmic Substance: Significant Refinement to the Fragmentation and Recombination Pathways

Authors: Bruno R. Galeffi
Comments: 11 Pages.

The emergence of the observable cosmos and non-visible universe(s) from the self-division of a primal and self-existent Substance at high entropy is further developed. In this article, a significant improvement to the partition and recombination pathways driven by the ubiquitous golden ratio is presented. A surprising correlation to the DE, DM, and BM of the standard model for cosmology is found, although some of the vacuum components appear undifferentiated in this later model.
Category: Astrophysics

The Eight Planets of the Kepler-47 Star System

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 9 Pages.

Eight planets of the binary star Kepler-47 modulate the gravitational wave at 3.1 $mu$Hz. Three of them are already known. The measured orbital times fit very well with the predictions of Dermott's rule, an improved version of the Titus-Bode rule. The phase modulation measurement technique is explained in detail.
Category: Astrophysics

A Study on the Physical Mechanism of Universal Gravitation and Space-time Curvature

Authors: Yake Li
Comments: 17 Pages.

It has been proven in studies that the speed of light remains absolutely constant within a local area, but relative changes in the speed of light can occur between different local areas. The speed of light that changes with space is the physical factor responsible for the generation of gravitational acceleration g ( g=−(��������^2)/�������� ). Within a range of 10 m, it is possible to generate a gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s² with only a relative change in the speed of light at △ C=-0.000000166782 (m/s), which is a remarkable feat. The change in the speed of light can be attributed to the influence of the mass of an object on the physical properties of vacuum μ0ε0, which changes it with space. Although it is a minor change to the object in space, it results in the establishment of high and low energy states, and consequently, the object will spontaneously move towards the low energy state. In such a space, an object is equivalent to being subjected to the action of gravity ��������, and ��������=−����0��������2��������. In this article, the physical mechanism of the conduction of gravity in space and the physical mechanism of space-time curvature are explained.
Category: Astrophysics

Fundamental Forces Are not Fundamental as Our 3-D Universe is Driven by an External Energy Source

Authors: Pushpak N. Bhandari, Nandan M. Bhandari
Comments: 20 Pages.

To find a solution to many unsolved mysteries in physics, a new theory has been proposed. This theory proposes an external source of energy that is responsible for all so-called fundamental forces associated with the elementary particles. New dimensions called O-reality and O- imaginary, which are sources of external energy to our 3-D universe, are introduced. These are energy-filled totally symmetric dimensions wherein time does not exist. Current theory states that the energy of elementary particles is by virtue of an external source and not an intrinsic property. This theory integrates quantum particles with gravitational force and holds the potential to solve most existing unsolved problems. A mathematical model is developed using this theory for the calculation of the gravitational force. The results of the gravitational force obtained by this model, wherein the energy source responsible for the gravitational force has an external origin, are in accordance with Newtonian values. This theory brings quantum physics and gravitational force under one umbrella and opens the door for the reasoning behind many unsolved problems in physics. This theory leads to a new approach towards explaining the origin of Universe, dark matter, dark energy, quantum entanglement, double slit experiment and wave particle duality, superposition, holographic universe, uncertainty principle, origin of time and its unidirectional property, increasing entropy.
Category: Astrophysics

How to Receive Continuous Gravitational Waves

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 8 Pages.

The Kepler space telescope and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) have discovered numerous multiple star systems emitting GW. Some of these have planets that phase modulate the GW and allow the planetary mass to be determined. The detection techniques are explained in detail using examples.
Category: Astrophysics

Verfahren Zum Empfang Von Kontinuierlichen Gravitationswellen (How to Receive Continuous Gravitational Waves)

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 8 Pages. In German

Mit dem Kepler space telescope und dem Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) wurden zahlreiche Mehrfach-Sternsysteme entdeckt, die GW abstrahlen. Manche davon besitzen Planeten, die die GW phasenmodulieren. Die Nachweistechniken werden an Beispielen ausführlich erklärt.

The Kepler space telescope and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) have discovered numerous multiple star systems emitting GW. Some of these have planets that phase modulate the GW and allow the planetary mass to be determined. The detection techniques are explained in detail using examples.
Category: Astrophysics

The Existence of a Physical Phenomenon that Accelerates Particles with Mass to the Speed of Light and Transforms Them into Dark Energy and Dark Matter

Authors: Zouhair bezzar
Comments: 8 Pages.

The present theory explores the behavior of the expression of relative mass, M(v), with respect to the speed of light (v=c) and suggests that dark matter or dark energy could be composed of ordinary particles with mass that have reached the speed of light. The theory delves into a mathematical analysis of the series representing the relative mass function, M(v), and discusses its divergence at v=c, drawing parallels with the regularization of the Casimir effect using the Riemann zeta function, which gives M(c)=-M(c-1) at v=c. It proposes the existence of a natural phenomenon that accelerates ordinary matter with mass to the speed of light and transforms it into dark matter or dark energy with negative relative mass and finite energy.
Category: Astrophysics

The Relationship Between Gravity and Velocity of Light

Authors: Wei Zhang
Comments: 3 Pages.

The classical Newton formula F＝G Mm/r^2 reveals the law of gravity of celestial bodies and everything, but does not explain the cause of gravity. General relativity says that gravity doesn't exist, but is a curvature of space-time. Quantum mechanics suggests the existence of so-called gravitons, but so far none have been found. Quantum mechanics can't explain gravity, relativity can't explain quantum mechanics, and gravity and electromagnetic theory are still not unified. It is pointed out that the gravitational constant G＝1/16πc, π is PI, c is numerical value of velocity of light. The essence of gravity is the fluctuating pressure of particles in a vacuum.This paper is also an attempt to unify the theories of gravity and electromagnetism.
Category: Astrophysics

Us[ing] Dark Matter Cherenkov Effect to Explain Why Galaxies For[m]

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 9 Pages.

Based on the cosmic dark matter fluid model, this paper proposes that the visible matter of the cosmic galaxy is formed by various turbulences of the dark matter fluid. This perturbation may be caused by a huge dark matter entity moving faster than the speed of light, which in turn forms Cherenkov radiation of gravitational waves. This paper estimates the size of this dark matter entity, pointing out that this disturbance will form two regions of high and low pressure in the dark matter fluid. The pressure gradient generated around the turbulence can be estimated using the Fujita formula for tropical cyclones. Computational analysis shows that when it reaches the outer periphery of the galaxy, the pressure gradient becomes small, and the effect of the Corio force is not obvious, so the rotation speed of the galaxy material is mainly affected by the speed of the dark matter fluid itself. This can be confirmed by the fact that the peripheral material rotation speed of all galaxies in the local group is basically the same. In addition, because the dark matter entity may have a certain length, just like a jet that produces a sonic boom, a low-pressure region and a high-pressure region will be generated at both ends of the length, which also means that the same dark matter entity may produce multiple galaxies, and there should be at least two galaxies in multiple galaxies with the same structure. This can be confirmed by some observations. Examples include the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy (M31), as well as the Hickson Compact Group.
Category: Astrophysics

The Gravitational Constant G May Decrease Between Millimetre-Sized Masses

Authors: Qinghua Cui
Comments: 6 Pages.

The Newtonian gravitational constant G is one of the most important fundamental constants of nature, but still remains resistant to the standard model of physics and disconnected from quantum theory. During the past >100 years, hundreds of values of G have been measured to be ranging from 6.66 to 6.7559×10-11 m3kg-1s-2 using macroscopic masses. More recently, however, a G value ((6.04±0.06)×10-11 m3kg-1s-2) measured using millimetre-sized masses shows significant deviation (by ~9%) from the reference G value, which the authors explained is resulted from ‘the known systematic uncertainties’. However, based on the observation of historical G values and the protocol of the millimetre-sized masses based experiment, we proposed a theory that this deviation is not from ‘systematic uncertainties’ but actually G will rapidly decrease when masses sphere diameter is less than 0.02 meters. More important, the proposed theory matches the measured data very well, suggesting that G may indeed decrease rapidly when mass diameter smaller than millimetres.
Category: Astrophysics

Inhomogeneous Distribution of the Universe’s Matter Density as a Physical Basis for MOND’s Acceleration a0

Authors: Antonio Francino, Gabriel Simón
Comments: 16 Pages. Slightly corrected and improved version, with some necessary references added. Main argument and conclusions unaltered.

One of the most effective theories for dark matter is Milgrom’s Modified Newtonian Dynamics, where a modified law of gravity based on a fixed acceleration scale a0 is postulated that provides a correct description of the gravitational fields in galaxies. However, the significance of a0 is unknown, and the whole theory is generally viewed as a phenomenological description of the observations. Based on Newton’s gravitational law as applied to a uniform continuous mass we posit a non-homogeneous distribution of mass at cosmological scales that would give rise to a constant acceleration that agrees with MOND’s a0. The implications for MOND as a viable theory of dark matter and for the problem of dark energy are discussed.
Category: Astrophysics

Early Galaxy Formation with AIV

Authors: Scott S. Neal
Comments: 9 Pages.

With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we are now able to make observations earlier into the history of galaxy formation for our Universe. Those observations have shown us that the current models of galaxy formation based on Dark Matter do not seem to be correct. Galaxies have formed much earlier than the current models would predict. These models use the conventional ‘pulling’ gravitational forces of both conventional matter and Dark Matter to predict how soon galaxies would form during the evolution of our Universe. This paper explores an alternative theory of Dark Matter to explain the earlier formation of our galaxies. This alternative theory suggests that antihydrogen atoms in the cosmic voids provide a ‘pushing’ force on all matter around them. This paper shows how, when the ‘pulling’ forces from matter and ‘pushing’ forces from antimatter are combined, they produce the more rapid formation of stars and galaxies.Keywords — AIV, Antimatter, ASPIRE, CEERS, Dark Matter, Galaxy Formation, JWST, JD1, Voids
Category: Astrophysics

Relative and Absolute Stellar Aberration

Authors: Miloš Čojanović
Comments: 13 Pages. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

If we talk about Stellar Aberration, then we think of the form of Stellar Aberration that was first discovered and explained by Bradley. In addition to Bradley's Stellar Aberration, which can also be defined as Relative Stellar Aberration, we will define Absolute Stellar Aberration based on just one measurement. Here after we will refer to the Absolute Stellar Aberration as "ASA". We will try to explain in a few words why it is necessary to measure and interpret Stellar Aberration in this way. Suppose we performed two measurements of the Doppler Effect within six months. If we don't know the results of those measurements, but only difference between them, then we cannot determine the radial velocities with which the observer moves with respect to the star. We will prove that similar reasoning can be applied in the case of Stellar Aberration as defined by Bradley. Knowing only the difference between the two measurements of the Stellar Aberration, we are not able to determine the transverse velocities the observer moves with respect to the line of sight, but only their difference. Using the results of "ASA" measurements, we will determine a Stationary Frame of Reference and after that derive formulas for Relative and Absolute Stellar Aberration.
Category: Astrophysics