Condensed Matter

   

Initial Velocities of Hydrated Ions Under an Electropotential Field, Their Molar Masses, and Total Hydration Numbers

Authors: Ikechukwu Iloh Udema

The inner hydration shell, where water is electrostricted, has always been the main area of study. But it appears that the bulk water, which is affected by the ion electric field, is not given the same degree of attention. This largely theoretical study aims to develop equation-based models that can be used to calculate the initial velocities of ions when an electrical potential gradient is applied, as well as the total number of water molecules pulled to the ions and their molar masses (including the mass of the electrostricted water). Theoretical and computational approaches were employed to analyze literature-based data. The initial velocity was approximately 3.8 exp. (—8) m/s for cobalt ions and 26 exp. (—8) m/s for oxonium ions. The equivalent total hydration number ranged from 4 for oxonium ions to 60 for cobalt ions. Initial velocities ranged from 1.65 exp. (—8) m/s for epinephrine to 2.88 exp. (—8) m/s for glycinate, and the corresponding total hydration number ranged from 38 for glycinate to 64 for epinephrine. The molar masses of the hydrated ions ranged from 765 g/mol for glycinate to 1,333 g/mol for epinephrine and from 85.81 g/mol for oxonium ions to 1,137.8 g/mol for cobalt ions. The trajectory and biological function of biomolecules can be impacted by their hydrated mass. The lowest and highest velocities are associated with the highest and lowest total hydration numbers per unit charge. Future research could focus on determining the electrophoretic mobilities of all physiologically active biomolecules at physiological pH and body temperature.

Comments: 17 Pages. License: CCBY-NC-ND

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2026-05-09 22:34:02

Unique-IP document downloads: 6 times

Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.

comments powered by Disqus