Relativity and Cosmology

   

Turing-Unsimulability, and Instantaneous and Sustained Cosmic-Censorship-Falsity, for Einstein-Vacuum General Relativity

Authors: Warren D. Smith

(I) We construct instantaneous counterexamples to Penrose's "cosmic censorship conjecture" (CCC) in Einstein's vacuum field equations (EVFEs) in general relativity (GR).

(II) We also construct ones that persist for a positive timespan (e.g. 1 million years). More precisely, II demonstrates either (1) the existence of a solution of EVFEs – note, no matter is involved – for a million years, throughout which there are any desired arbitrary number (including infinity as a number") of "naked" point-singularities, or(2) Einstein solutions suddenly stop existing, or(3) solutions of Einstein that ought to be well described by Newton-law dynamics, are not, or(4) "stability" of Newton law solutions does not work the way everybody thought based both on many experiments and KAM/Nekhoroshev mathematical theory.

Consequently, if Penrose's CCC is physically valid,then the reason is not Einstein gravity alone – some other physics must play a crucial role. The construction for II shows as corollaries that GR can have everywhere non-analytic metrical solutions, maximally-refuting an unfortunately-widely-believed myth; and also indicates that naked singularities arise from generic initial data – at least with some people's notions of the word "generic" (but possibly not yours).

(III) We sketch a proof of the "Turing unsimulability" of EVFEs. More precisely, either (1) the metric of spacetime time-evolves during a finite timespan (e.g. 1 year) in a manner which no Turing machine can simulate to within arbitrary user-specified accuracy bound in any finite timespan, or (cases 2, 3 basically same as in II), or (4) "chaos lifetime" in Newtonian 3-body scenarios behaves very differently than everybody had thought based on extensive experiments. It probably should be possible to get rid of case (4) via a different, chaos-avoiding, proof technique based on more-explicitly defined motions with perturbation bounds devised with computer aid – I sketch how but do not actually do this. The argument also suggests that unsimulability happens with generic initial data, at least with some people's notions of the word "generic" (but possibly not yours). All these scenarios I, II, III involve finite and bounded total mass-energy.

Crucial to I-III is the fact that the EVFEs permit storing an infinitude of information in a compact finite-volume region using finite mass-energy; and furthermore (for III) an infinitude that's dynamically relevant, i.e. changing any single bit of that information will yield an easily-observable macroscopic consequence within a fixed timespan. That mathematical fact probably is unphysical, in which case the EVFEs are not the laws of gravity in our universe, but rather only an approximation to truer (e.g. "quantum gravity") laws.

I believe case 1 is the truth in both theorems II and III; cases 2-4 were added to handle my inability to prove case 1 fully rigorously.(Theorem I, however, is fully rigorous and does not need extra cases.) Key obstacles to rigor: Humankind presently is usually unable to prove eternal existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Einstein equations; and cannot prove or disprove (for any particular N≥3) that a positive-measure set of Newton N-body solutions can exhibit "eternal chaos." And although there has been progress on problems resembling "proving stability of the solar system" for Newton N-body problems (at least in a Nekhoroshev long-time-survival sense), that progress has not yet been good enough to handle N=∞. But regardless of which cases happen, I contend theorems I, II, III signify the failure of the EVFEs as an algorithmic theory of gravitational physics. Some lessons are drawn from that, e.g. everybody trying to combine standard model with GR whilekeeping the latter nonquantum, is misguided. Also includes(a) an introduction reviewing previous works in my "computational complexity status of physics" aka "Church's thesis meets physical law X" research programme;(b) a long survey of useful facts about Newtonian N-body problems, in some respects the best currently available, and highlighting the important open question of whether a positive-measure set of "eternal chaos" N-body solutions exist.

Comments: 60 Pages.

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[v1] 2026-05-01 03:20:24

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