Relativity and Cosmology

1808 Submissions

[28] viXra:1808.0676 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-31 21:00:31

Kinematic Interpretation of 580 Supernovae Type 1a Redshifts: a Cosmic Scale Link to Mond Acceleration?

Authors: Berry C. Ives
Comments: 24 Pages. In the full text of the article, the abstract is also presented in French.

We present an empirical analysis of redshift of 580 supernovae type 1a using special relativistic Doppler to derive velocity of recession. A theory of cosmological scale is developed in which scale history is parabolic in relation to observed distance and time. The parabolic relationship suggests that the present lies on the accelerated contraction side of the scale history. The first-order coefficient of the scale equation matches very precisely the post-Planck value of the Hubble parameter, H0. The second-order coefficient of the parabolic scale history is taken as an acceleration parameter, I0. H0 is thus merely the slope of the parabola at the present time, and it can be eliminated by shifting the abscissa so that t = 0 aligns with the vertex. In this way, the scale history is entirely dependent on the acceleration parameter, I0. A methodology is used to infer physical radial distance from scale. The resulting acceleration rate precisely matches modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) universal acceleration a0 and thus appears to provide a general cosmological link to that phenomenon, implying a universe under accelerated contraction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[27] viXra:1808.0675 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-31 21:10:36

Logical Inconsistency in the Einsteinian Relativistic Time-dilation Interpretation of the Increased Lifetime of High Speed Particles

Authors: Qing-Ping Ma
Comments: 34 Pages.

This study has examined the logic in the interpretation of the increased lifetime of high speed elementary particles, an important experimental evidence of the Lorentzian or Einsteinian relativistic time dilation. When analyzed with the particle frame being the rest frame, the interpretation based on the Einsteinian special relativity leads to a velocity paradox and inconsistency between the invariance of space-time intervals in the Minkowski space and the constancy of the speed of light. The Lorentz ether theory and the Standard Model Extension might avoid this inconsistency because they allow privileged reference frames. Therefore, although the mainstream physicists have chosen Einstein’s special relativity as the correct theory, the Lorentz ether theory might be superior in explaining experimental evidence of time dilation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[26] viXra:1808.0652 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-29 07:50:37

Reply to ‘Critical Comments on the Paper “On the Logical Inconsistency of the Special Theory of Relativity” ’

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 12 Pages. To cite this paper: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.6, No.6, 2018.

It has been critically argued by V.A. Leus (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk, Russia) that in my proof that Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity is logically inconsistent and therefore false, I violated the basic tenets of Special Relativity and foisted an alternative theory upon Einstein’s. A careful study of the critical analysis reveals however a failure to address the key arguments I adduced to prove Special Relativity logically inconsistent, and a concomitant invocation of Einstein’s theory to try to argue that my analysis is incorrect because it does not concur with Einstein. There is therefore no proof advanced of any alleged error in my analysis. In my paper I did not introduce an alternative theory. The aforementioned critical paper affords opportunity in rebuttal to amplify the invalidity of A. Einstein’s tacit assumption, in constructing the Special Theory of Relativity, that systems of clock-synchronised stationary observers consistent with Lorentz Transformation can be mathematically constructed. Since such systems of observers have in fact no mathematical existence the Special Theory of Relativity is logically inconsistent. It is therefore invalid. The consequences for physics, astronomy, and cosmology, are significant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[25] viXra:1808.0646 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-28 08:44:11

On the Experimental Determination of the One-Way Speed of Light

Authors: Rodrigo de Abreu
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper it is considered the physical meaning of the one-way speed of light. Usually in the standard Special Relativity what is considered is the Einstein one-way speed of light that has been introduced by Einstein in the 1905 paper, by definition. In the standard interpretation the one-way speed of light it is not considered since the Einstein speed of light is considered to be the speed of light. However in our previous work we have shown that this is a terminological confusion. Now we explain why this is so with a very simple example using two methods of synchronization, with rods and with light signalling, that shows the physical meaning of absolute simultaneity and also the physical meaning of Einstein simultaneity in connection with the two concepts “speed of light”. As a result of this analysis an experimental method for the determination of the one-way speed of light emerge.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[24] viXra:1808.0642 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-29 11:49:21

Where Einstein Got It Wrong

Authors: Stanley L. Robertson
Comments: 7 page main text, 10 pages appendixes

In Einstein’s General Relativity, gravitation is considered to be only an effect of spacetime geometry. Einstein considered the sources of gravitation to be all varieties of mass and energy excepting that of gravitational fields. This exclusion leaves General Relativity correct only to first order. By considering gravitational fields to be real entities that possess field energy densities and including them as source terms for the Einstein tensor, they contribute to spacetime curvature in a way that prevents the formation of event horizons and also has the effect of accelerating the expansion of the cosmos without any need for a cosmological constant (aka “dark energy”).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[23] viXra:1808.0631 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-30 04:19:03

Metrological Problem of Relative Kinematics and Its Solution as an Alternative to the Relativistic Theory of Light Propagation

Authors: Oleg Tcherepanov
Comments: 11 Pages.

The simplest experiment with relativity absolutely changes the physical meaning of Einstein's theory
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[22] viXra:1808.0626 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-28 11:20:59

Calculating the Mass of the Proton in a Better Way With MHCE8S Theory

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: We are now able to make a more accurate calculation of the mass of the proton thanks to Majoranic neutrino effects
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[21] viXra:1808.0623 [pdf] replaced on 2018-08-29 15:10:53

Theory of Everything: the Higgs, CCC, Gravity, Dark Energy/ Matter, Relativity, String Theory, Quantum Theory, Human Existence

Authors: Abed Peerally
Comments: 18 Pages. REPLACEMENT WITH A NEW UPDATED FILE

Summary The topics of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and of the Higgs phenomenon, are amongst the dramatic examples of the universe being to a large extent unknown. Reported in the late 1990’s by S. Perlmutter, B. Schmidt and A. Riess, the Nobel Committee in awarding the Nobel Prize to them in 2011 said: Their “findings have unveiled a universe that is to a large extent unknown to science”. That is still true today and is likely to be so for decades to come. These findings were based on the behaviour of the Type 1a Supernovae which, due to their consistent brightness, have developed the reputation of being reliable standard candles in cosmological research. Perlmutter, Schmidt and Riess found that these supernovae, as earlier workers for decades had observed, are dimmer than what expected, and they concluded that they must be accelerating faster than believed, in their motion. The work of Riess et al proposed that dark energy, must be a kind of energy that could have an anti-gravitational pull, thus explaining the strange behaviour of the Type 1a supernovae as they move away from us, into the infinite horizon of the universe. Now in the late second decade of the 21st century, no dark energy reality has been discovered at all, and the same applies to the dark matter hypothesis that came out of the work that was awarded the Nobel Prize 2011. It appears like there will perhaps never be any proof of the existence of dark matter and dark energy particles, for these are claimed to be unable to interact with normal matter and energy and not to have any radiation. This is a typical example of why perhaps a Theory of Everything is required to throw some light on the mysterious realities of existence, if possible. Actually explaining something that has no material or energy evidence of any kind, makes that something as impossible to explain as God. They do not interact with anything at all. However, if the Theory of Everything can explain how the universe originated, it might surely also provide evidence of whether dark matter and dark energy exist or not. This appears very tricky for they have been claimed as being totally invisible and insensitive to any kind of experimental set up. 2 The Higgs boson came out dramatically in the work of Higgs, Salam, Weinberg, Glashow and others, that found linkages between the weak force and the electromagnetic force. It is believed in relation to the Higgs boson, even if it is not true, that all particles should have zero mass. Several different eminent physicists thought of rather similar ways of explaining mass and its origin. Generally, it was felt that a new Field that was later called the Higgs Field, permeated the universe, and the property of mass was acquired when particles interacted with this field whose particle was named the Higgs boson, the simplest manifestation of the field. However many physicists believe the Higgs phenomenon and its particle discovered in 2012 should be a more elaborate mechanism, on which further work is ongoing, particularly at the LHC. The feeling is that the phenomenon of mass has not understood in its full reality. It goes without saying that in the absence of a Theory of Everything, it is not possible to really know, as far as possible, the nature and fate of the universe, mainly because the universe was conceived on a deliberate master plan. The implication is that there could have existed only one such specific plan: the supernatural plan to create our universe, which to humans is the Theory of Everything as far as possible, capable to describe our universe. The fact humans are destined to discover the Theory of Everything, according to Kepler and Whewell, indicates there was supernatural creation of the universe, and therefore finding the Theory of Everything is an astounding perspective. The scientific/philosophical Theory of Everything will be describes soon, is coming at a historical juncture where several well-known cosmologists are talking about natural creation from practically nothing or based solely on mathematics. Since most intellectuals and members of the public believe the universe had a supernatural creation, a scientific concept of the origin of the universe by a Supernatural Mind or God, would be of enormous interest. It will be the collision of the traditional imaginary Godless concepts of the origin of our universe with a scientific concept that creates an extraordinary historical event in our current intellectual, scientific, philosophical and theological world. Since the Theory of Everything will be really, as far as possible, a universal and metaphysical concept of the universe, it can produce an intellectual revolution in the scientific and philosophical sectors, that will impact on theology in ways not seen before. There whole world will benefit, for the total 3 confusion that surrounds the comprehension of the realities and origin of our universe would reach a turning point, never seen before. It will demonstrate the power of intellectual knowledge as the torch bearer of humanity. The reason is that intellectual ideas are capable to turn humanity into one collective mind in the universe. The universe under GRT is expanding, and there was never been any tendency for the universe to contract and collapse into an unimaginable black hole. Penrose’s hypothesis of a cosmic crunch and the rebirth of the universe (CCC), is not a possibility, because the uncertainly in science is at the quantum microscale, and not at the macro or universal scale. Gravity was correctly explained by Einstein. He referred to it as pseudo-force, causing the warping of space time, being perhaps a kind of variation of the electromagnetic force. The truth is that the nature of black holes happens to be as misunderstood as is the nature of the universe. Cosmology has been a precariously understood domain, the reason being the lack of adequate cosmological understanding of how the universe came into existence. This is not surprising, as I explain in my coming second book on the origin of the universe, for our world is, historically, at the beginning phase of its modern scientific era, being hardly one century old, if we take the golden age of physics of the first decades of the last century, as marking the beginning of our modern scientific culture. No wonder we do not know the real nature of forces, particles, space, time, atoms, matter, gravitation, expansion of the universe, dark energy, dark matter, and the origin and fate of the universe, topics addressed in my second book due in late 2018. Our extraordinary universe must have been inspired by a scientifically precise and elaborate design. Gravity remains one of the greatest mysteries of science for it has no quantum particulate physical identity, its imagined particle, the graviton cannot exist, and up to now gravity can only be calculated and described, for instance in the equations of Newton and Einstein. It exists because it arises due to totally natural reasons, which were largely seen in Descartes’ belief there must exist a law of the universal conservation of the quantity of motion. The quantum nature of spacetime, if it is not a particle, must have physical realities that are sensitive to acceleration, indicating that spacetime is perhaps fractal in its physical reality or at least mathematically, the reason why Einstein was very precise in his description of general and special relativity. String Theory, a great intellectual exercise, has the weakness of not explaining how exactly the strings acquire their 4 property of vibration. Any Theory of Everything must incontrovertibly explain the origin of motion and of gravitation. The physics of the universe are intimately fused with the philosophy of existence, not surprisingly, as the purpose of creation must have been for producing a conscious being, not solely the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[20] viXra:1808.0601 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-27 23:38:11

Six Different Natario Warp Drive Spacetime Metric Equations.

Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 79 Pages.

Warp Drives are solutions of the Einstein Field Equations that allows superluminal travel within the framework of General Relativity. There are at the present moment two known solutions: The Alcubierre warp drive discovered in $1994$ and the Natario warp drive discovered in $2001$.Alcubierre used the so-called $3+1$ original Arnowitt-Dresner-Misner($ADM$) formalism using the approach of Misner-Thorne-Wheeler to develop his warp drive theory.As a matter of fact the first equation in his warp drive paper is derived precisely from the original $3+1$ $ADM$ formalism and we have strong reasons to believe that Natario which followed the Alcubierre steps also used the original $3+1$ $ADM$ formalism to develop the Natario warp drive spacetime.Several years ago some works appeared in the scientific literature advocating two new parallel $3+1$ $ADM$ formalisms.While the original $ADM$ formalism uses mixed contravariant and covariant scripts one of the new parallel formalisms uses only contravariant scripts while the other uses only covariant scripts.Since the Natario vector is the generator of the Natario warp drive spacetime metric in this work we expand the original Natario vector including the coordinate time as a new Canonical Basis for the Hodge star generating an expanded Natario vector and we present $6$ equations for the Natario warp drive spacetime $3$ of them with constant velocities one for the original $ADM$ formalism and $2$ other for the parallel formalisms. We also present the corresponding $3$ extended versions of the Natario warp drive spacetime metric which encompasses accelerations and variable velocities both in the original and parallel $ADM$ formalisms.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[19] viXra:1808.0596 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-28 05:16:18

Some Comments on an Idea of Stephen Adler: a Frame Dependent Cosmological Constant.

Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 2 Pages.

In the context of DICE2018, S. Adler launched the interesting idea of an effective observer dependent cosmological constant. We discuss this suggestion in the context of covariant quantum mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[18] viXra:1808.0581 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-26 03:47:49

Black Hole Universe and Missing Components

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 3 Pages.

It was shown that the density of the Black Hole Universe is over 17 times bigger than the density of the Friedman’s Universe. Our model does not require the assumption of the existence of dark energy and matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[17] viXra:1808.0580 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-26 03:53:40

Czarnodziurowy Wszechświat a Brakujące Składniki ### Black Hole Universe and Missing Components

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 3 Pages. In Polish.

Wykazano, że gęstość Czarnodziurowego Wszechświata jest ponad 17 razy większa niż gęstość Wszechświata Friedmana. Nasz model nie wymaga przyjęcia założenia o istnieniu ciemnej energii i materii. ### It was shown that the density of the Black Hole Universe is over 17 times bigger than the density of the Friedman’s Universe. Our model does not require the assumption of the existence of dark energy and matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[16] viXra:1808.0562 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-07 07:05:24

New Interpretation and Analysis of Michelson-Morley Experiment, Sagnac Effect, and Stellar Aberration by Apparent Source Theory

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 45 Pages.

I have already proposed a new theory known as Apparent Source Theory( AST ) that has been highly successful in explaining the hitherto enigmatic and apparently contradictory light speed experiments. For example, to this date, there is no known, accepted theory of the speed of light that truly reconciles the 'null' result of the Michelson-Morley experiment and the fringe shift in the Sagnac effect. Apparent Source Theory is formulated as follows: the effect of absolute motion for co-moving light source and observer is to create an apparent change in position of the light source relative to ( as seen by ) the observer. Therefore, in the Michelson-Morley experiment ( MMX ), there will be an apparent change in position of the light source as seen from the point of light detection. There will be only a small fringe shift due to apparent change of source position for the same reason that there will be only a small fringe shift if the position of the light source was actually/physically changed. The ether doesn't exist, as disproved by the Michelson-Morley experiment, but absolute motion does exist, as proved by the Silvertooth and other experiments. Apparent Source Theory has successfully explained the conventional and modern Michelson-Morley experiments, the Sagnac effect, the enigmatic Silvertooth experiment, the Venus radar ranging experiment anomaly ( as analyzed by Bryan G Wallace ), the Marinov experiment, the Roland De Witte experiment and moving source and moving mirror experiments.In this paper,Iwill present a new analysis and interpretation of the Michelson-Morley experiment, the Sagnac effect and the phenomenon of stellar aberration. There have been two interpretations of the Michelson-Morley experiment (MMX)within the physics community: the 'null' interpretation and the non-null interpretation. From the point of view of stationary ether theory, the MMX result is essentially null because the observed fringe shift is much smaller than the expected value. On the contrary, the MMX result is non-null from the perspective of relativity theories, mainly the classical emission theory and the Special Relativity Theory (SRT ) because there were always small but significant fringe shifts observed, as in the Miller experiments. Therefore, the MMX disproves not only the ether theory, but also the emission theory and SRT. A correct theory of the speed of light, therefore, should account not only for the 'null' interpretation, but also for the non-null interpretation. To this date there is no such known, accepted theory of light. Apparent Source Theory (AST )has resolved this century old puzzle by explaining the small fringe shifts observed in MM experiments. In this paper it will be shown that AST predicts a maximum fringe shift of about 0.013 fringes for the 1881 Michelson experiment. Michelson measured a maximum fringe shift of about 0.018 fringes !The discrepancy may be reduced if more details of the dimensions of the original Michelson apparatus are obtained. For example, slight variation of the dimensions have resulted in a fringe shift of 0.02125 fringes. AST has successfully resolved the enigmatic contradiction between the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Sagnac effect. No known existing theory of light, including SRT, has achieved this.AST also explains why conventional Michelson-Morley experiments gave small fringe shifts, but modern Michelson-Morley experiments using optical cavity resonators give almost a complete null result. Despite all these successes, AST is found to be in conflict with stellar aberration, a simple analysis I overlooked for years. This was a serious problem that made me resort to speculative ideas*. This contradiction has been resolved at last in my other recent paper that gives a new interpretation to the phenomenon of stellar aberration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[15] viXra:1808.0558 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-03 03:44:05

The Accelerating Expansion of the Universe is an Observational Error in the Measurement of the co-Moving Distant, as Well as the Measurement of the Velocity of Recession.

Authors: Mr S.M.Hosseini, Mr M. Isaac Kendrick
Comments: 7 Pages.

Abstract The observation of the Universe at the present epoch will only give the rate of the expansion of the Universe at present era and produce one value of the Hubble constant by any observer in any galaxy in the cosmos. The expansion rate of the Universe is not obtainable for the past or the future of the Universe by observation; it can only be calculated by the fact that the invers of the Hubble constant is the age of the Universe at any period. One of the fundamental pillars of the cosmology is the Hubble constant and the inverse of it is the age of the Universe: , this relationship will be violated by observation that the Universe’s expansion is accelerating. This is fundamental that any epoch any observer on any galaxy in the Universe by looking at all the distant galaxies will measure the velocity of recession divided by Co-moving distant will obtain the value of the Hubble constant precisely the same exact value. The value of the Hubble constant is only constant at a particular epoch by all the observers in the Universe and decays as the passage of time according to the relationship: .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[14] viXra:1808.0282 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-17 10:23:36

Electromagnetic Wave Function and Equation, Lorentz Force in Rindler Spacetime

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 13 Pages.

In the general relativity theory, we find the electro-magnetic wave function and equation in Rindler space-time. Specially, this article is that electromagnetic wave equation is corrected by the gauge fixing equation in Rindler space-time. We define the force in Rindler space-time We find Lorentz force (electromagnetic force) by electro-magnetic field transformations in Rindler space-time. In the inertial frame, Lorentz force is defined as 4-dimensional force. Hence, we had to obtain 4-dimensional force in Rindler space-time. We define energy-momentum in Rindler space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[13] viXra:1808.0246 [pdf] replaced on 2023-02-12 13:26:05

Relativistic Forces Between Rotating Bodies

Authors: Pantelis M. Pechlivanides
Comments: 35 Pages.

The force experienced by a rotating body that lies in the G field of another rotating body depends both on the G field and on its own mass and angular velocity of rotation that affects the magnitude and direction of the exerted force. The force is in general not central and not symmetric. The cases of the non rotating observer and the far away observer are examined for rotation with and without slippage. It is shown that the force may be repulsive or attractive, accelerating or decelerating depending on the angular velocities of the rotations and distance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[12] viXra:1808.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-16 12:22:04

The Tau Lepton Mass (1776.84 Mev) Signals the Completion of Signing of the Declaration of Independence

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: It is observed that the mass of the tau lepton matches closely the date of the last signing of the Declaration of Independence
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[11] viXra:1808.0205 [pdf] replaced on 2018-08-17 12:24:57

Scalar Theory of Everything Replacement of Special Relativity

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 8 Pages.

The Special Theory of Relativity applies where gravitation is insignificant. There are many observations that remain poorly explained by the standard models of either the big of cosmology or the small of Quantum mechanics. Each of the STOE axioms has been used in the development of models of observations in the big and the small. The strength of the Scalar Theory Of Everything (STOE) is its ability to describe an extremely wide range of observations and to predict observations. The axioms that replace Special Relativity are: (1) Time progression (d$t$) is a constant in the universe rather than the speed of light. (2) The diameter of the hods is the same throughout the universe. (3) The distance between hods is related to plenum density$\rho$. Higher $\rho$ reduces the distance between hods. (4) The speed of photons and hods is the greatest of any matter in a given environment. And (5) The speed of the plenum wave is much faster than the speed of the hods. The STOE passes the tests of Special Relativity and does much more. The STOE is a major paradigm shift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:1808.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-13 11:21:55

Calculating the Mass of the Neutron in a Better Way with Hce8s Theory

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 2 Pages.

Abstract: Calculation of the mass of the neutron can be done accurately utilizing only the mass of the Z(4430) tetraquark together with an understood factor and another not understood but smaller factor the neutron has in common with the proton
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[9] viXra:1808.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-14 03:47:16

Czarnodziurowy Wszechświat a Temperatura Hawkinga ### Black Hole Universe and Hawking Temperature

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 3 Pages. In Polish.

Pokazano, że temperatura Hawkinga Czarnodziurowego Wszechświata jest wprost proporcjonalna do stałej Hubble’a. Oszacowano wartość tej temperatury, moc promieniowania, energię emitowaną w ciągu jednego roku oraz długość fali odpowiadającą maksymalnej mocy promieniowania. ### It has been shown that the Hawking temperature of the Black Hole Universe is directly proportional to the Hubble constant. The value of this temperature, the power of radiation, the energy emitted in one year and the wavelength corresponding to the maximum radiation power were estimated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[8] viXra:1808.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-14 03:50:52

Black Hole Universe and Hawking Temperature

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 3 Pages.

It has been shown that the Hawking temperature of the Black Hole Universe is directly proportional to the Hubble constant. The value of this temperature, the power of radiation, the energy emitted in one year and the wavelength corresponding to the maximum radiation power were estimated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[7] viXra:1808.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-20 07:34:14

Current Conflicts in General Relativity: Is Einstein's Theory Incomplete

Authors: Kathleen A. Rosser
Comments: 14 Pages. Version 2

A review of refutations of general relativity commonly found in today’s literature is presented, with comments on the status of Einstein’s theory and brief analyses of the arguments for modified gravity. Topics include dark matter and the galactic rotation curve, dark energy and cosmic acceleration, completeness and the equation of state, the speed of gravity, the singularity problem, redshift, gravitational time dilation, localized energy, and the gravitational potential. It is conjectured that the contemporary formalism of general relativity offers an incomplete description of gravitational effects, which may be the most compelling reason for seeking new theories of gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[6] viXra:1808.0122 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-05 12:13:40

A Quantum Field Theory Conjecture for the Origin of Gravitation V2

Authors: DT Froedge
Comments: 15 Pages. First 4-space connection between gravitation and path integrals

Gravitation defined in curved space has never been found to be compatible with quantum mechanics or quantum field theory. This is likely due to the fact that one theory is based in local conservation of energy and the other defines energy globally, and not locally conserved [Noether 1]. Equations mixed with variables from the two conservation laws, could neither be invariant nor covariant under coordinate transformations. This paper presents a theory for a gradient in c induced by QFT equivalent to the gradient in c induced by gravitation. In previous papers the author has illustrated that for photons, and confined light speed particles, a gradient in c demonstrates the effect of gravitation. The illustration of a gradient in c generated by Quantum Field Theory equivalent to gravitation therefore creates a theoretical mechanism for gravitation within a Lorenz, local conservation four-space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:1808.0117 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-24 16:27:25

Short Note on Space Wind Powered by Disorder: Dark Energy

Authors: Mesut Kavak
Comments: 2 Pages.

After midnight just before sleeping, I noticed in my bed, that free space itself can cause a parachute effect on the moving bodies especially the bodies move in low gravitational fields like in Pioneer Anomaly. Because of this reason, while speed of a satellite is decreasing, speed of another one which spins around the world on different axis can increase; a satellite wandering in interstellar medium can speed up as also it can slow down; low frequency light and high frequency light behave differently; galaxies have lower mass can spin faster since mutual gravitation is not only option. These are only a few examples.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:1808.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-08 10:26:48

CLTG Emergent and Fission Classifications of Multi-Object Systems for Morphological Taxonomy Part I

Authors: Tarzan Graystone
Comments: 33 Pages. Comment by viXra Admin: Subject to removal if the name of the author is not real name

As outlined in Part I of this series there are many types of paired- and multi-object systems which exemplify emergent and fission systems. This report describes the CLTG (clone or compact, later-type galaxy) multi-object system. The CLTG have a variety of morphological appearances albeit many are non-spiral ‘stellate’ types and contrast with clones or late spiral type objects. Along with this collection of CLTG families we include a data-driven method of classification members of the family. We also created several ad hoc descriptions of patterns formed by family objects.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[3] viXra:1808.0096 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-15 01:48:11

The Superluminal Phenomenon of Light For The Kerr-Newman Black Hole

Authors: Ting-Hang Pei
Comments: 16 Pages.

We use the Kerr-Newman metric based on the general relativity to discuss the superluminal phenomenon of light at the black hole whether it is observable astronomically at infinity or the weakly gravitational place like on Earth. The black hole have the rotation term a and the charge term RQ as well as the Schwarzschild radius RS. The geodesic of light in the spacetime structure is ds2=0 and the equation for three velocity components (dr/dt, rdθ/dt, r*sinθ*dϕ/dt) is obtained in the spherical coordinate (r, θ, ϕ) with the coordinate time t. Then three cases of the velocity of light (dr/dt, 0, 0), (0, rdθ/dt, 0), and (0, 0, r*sinθ*dϕ/dt) are discussed in this research. According to our discussions, only the case of (dr/dt, 0, 0) gives the possibility of the occurrence of the superluminal phenomenon for r between RS and (R_Q^2+a^2*(sinθ)/^2 2)/R_S at sinθ>0 when RS~RQ. The results reveal that the maximum speed of light and the range of the superluminal phenomenon are much related to the rotational term a and the charged term RQ. It is at least reasonable at two poles and in the equatorial plane when light propagates along the radial direction. Generally speaking, the superluminal phenomena for light can possibly occur in these cases that the radial velocity dr/dt is dominant and the other two velocity components are comparably small. When the relative velocity between the observer coordinate frame and the black hole is not large, the superluminal phenomenon is possibly observable at infinity or in a weakly gravitational frame like on Earth.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[2] viXra:1808.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2018-08-08 03:50:51

Lorentz Force in Rindler Spacetime

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 9 Pages. Thank you for reding

In the general relativity theory, we define the force in Rindler space-time We find Lorentz force (electromagnetic force) by electro-magnetic field transformations in Rindler space-time. In the inertial frame, Lorentz force is defined as 4-dimensional force. Hence, we had to obtain 4-dimensional force in Rindler space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:1808.0078 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-21 13:52:36

A Summary of Forces (3 Essays)

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 17 Pages. 3 similar papers are presented together

3 essays explore a proposition unifying the four forces of physics: "The Charges of Matter are Symmetry Debts of Light" (Noether's Theorem).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology