Relativity and Cosmology

0908 Submissions

[17] viXra:0908.0110 [pdf] submitted on 30 Aug 2009

On Time Dependent Black Holes and Cosmological Models from a Kaluza-Klein Mechanism

Authors: Carlos Castro, J. A. Nieto, L. Ruiz, J. Silvas
Comments: 34 pages, This article appeared in the International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 7 (2009) 1383 - 1415.

Novel static, time-dependent and spatial-temporal solutions of Einstein field equations, displaying singularities, with and without horizons, and in several dimensions are found based on a dimensional reduction procedure widely used in Kaluza-Klein type theories. The Kerr-Newman black-hole entropy as well as the Reissner-Nordstrom, Kerr and Schwarzschild black-hole entropy are derived from the corresponding Euclideanized actions. A very special cosmological model based on the dynamical interior geometry of a Black Hole is found that has no singularities at t = 0 due to the smoothing of the mass distribution. We conclude with another cosmological model equipped also with a dynamical horizon and which is related to Vaidya's metric (associated with the Hawking-radiation of black holes) by interchanging t ↔ r which might render our universe as a dynamical black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[16] viXra:0908.0109 [pdf] replaced on 31 Aug 2009

Entropy Growth in the Early Universe and Confirmation of Initial Big Bang Conditions ( Wheeler De Witt Eqn. Results Vs. String Theory ?)

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 2 pages, submission to the Blois 2009 conference proceedings

Initial relic entropy growth is presented as a natural outgrowth of relic graviton production, as a generalization of Dr. J.Y Ng's infinite quantum statistics. The adaptation and modification of Ng's (2008) argument, is an outgrowth of string theory cosmology arguments, and is essentially a counting algorithm for relic graviton production. This article is a very abbreviated version of a presentation given in Chongquing, PRC, in April, 2009, at the Chongquing University Physic's department as a guest of Dr. Fangyu Li, and his gravitational research group.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[15] viXra:0908.0105 [pdf] submitted on 28 Aug 2009

On Timelike Naked Singularities Associated with Noncompact Matter Sources

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 9 pages, This article appeared in Physics Letters B 665, no. 5 (2008) 384-387.

We show the existence of timelike naked singularities which are not hidden by a horizon and which are associated to spherically symmetric (noncompact) matter sources extending from r = 0 to r = ∞. Our asymptotically flat solutions do represent observable timelike naked singularities where the scalar curvature R and volume mass density ρ(r) are both singular at r = 0. To finalize we explain the Finsler geometric origins behind the matter field configuration obeying the weak energy conditions and that leads to a timelike naked singularity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[14] viXra:0908.0099 [pdf] submitted on 26 Aug 2009

The Euclidean Gravitational Action as Black Hole Entropy, Singularities and Spacetime Voids

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 41 pages, This article appeared in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol 49 (2008) 042501.

We argue why the static spherically symmetric (SSS) vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations described by the textbook Hilbert metric gμν(r) is not diffeomorphic to the metric gμν(|r|) corresponding to the gravitational field of a point mass delta function source at r = 0. By choosing a judicious radial function R(r) = r + 2G|M|Θ(r) involving the Heaviside step function, one has the correct boundary condition R(r = 0) = 0 , while displacing the horizon from r = 2G|M| to a location arbitrarily close to r = 0 as one desires, rh → 0, where stringy geometry and quantum gravitational effects begin to take place. We solve the field equations due to a delta function point mass source at r = 0, and show that the Euclidean gravitational action (in ℏ units) is precisely equal to the black hole entropy (in Planck area units). This result holds in any dimensions D ≥ 3 . In the Reissner-Nordsrom (massive-charged) and Kerr-Newman black hole case (massive-rotating-charged) we show that the Euclidean action in a bulk domain bounded by the inner and outer horizons is the same as the black hole entropy. When one smears out the point-mass and point-charge delta function distributions by a Gaussian distribution, the areaentropy relation is modified. We postulate why these modifications should furnish the logarithmic corrections (and higher inverse powers of the area) to the entropy of these smeared Black Holes. To finalize, we analyse the Bars-Witten stringy black hole in 1 + 1 dim and its relation to the maximal acceleration principle in phase spaces and Finsler geometries.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[13] viXra:0908.0093 [pdf] submitted on 25 Aug 2009

The Cosmological Constant and Pioneer Anomaly from Weyl Spacetimes and Mach's Principle

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 12 pages, This article appeared in Phys Letts B 675, (2009) 226-230

It is shown how Weyl's geometry and Mach's Holographic principle furnishes both the magnitude and sign (towards the sun) of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration aP ~ -c2/RHubble firstly observed by Anderson et al. Weyl's Geometry can account for both the origins and the value of the observed vacuum energy density (dark energy). The source of dark energy is just the dilaton-like Jordan-Brans-Dicke scalar field that is required to implement Weyl invariance of the most simple of all possible actions. A nonvanishing value of the vacuum energy density of the order of 10-123M4Planck is found consistent with observations. Weyl's geometry accounts also for the phantom scalar field in modern Cosmology in a very natural fashion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[12] viXra:0908.0086 [pdf] submitted on 23 Aug 2009

Universe as Whole

Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 5 pages

The different versions of the Universe structure are reviewed and it mean density is calculated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[11] viXra:0908.0085 [pdf] submitted on 22 Aug 2009

The Clifford Space Geometry Behind the Pioneer and Flyby Anomalies

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 23 pages, This article will appear in the IJMPA (2009).

It is rigorously shown how the Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford spaces (C-spaces) can explain the variable radial dependence ap(r) of the Pioneer anomaly; its sign (pointing towards the sun); why planets don't experience the anomalous acceleration and why the present day value of the Hubble scale RH appears. It is the curvature-spin coupling of the planetary motions that hold the key. The difference in the rate at which clocks tick in C-space translates into the C-space analog of Doppler shifts which may explain the anomalous redshifts in Cosmology, where objects which are not that far apart from each other exhibit very different redshifts. We conclude by showing how the empirical formula for the Flybys anomalies obtained by Anderson et al. can be derived within the framework of Clifford geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:0908.0064 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009

Does Really Stellar Aberration Contradict Ether Drag

Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: Pages.

As we know the Michelson-Morley experiment proves that there is no ethereal wind on the ground. It is thought at present that the existence of the stellar aberration necessitates existence of ethereal wind on the ground if the ether is to exist. Comparison of these two experiments results in believing that the ether does not exist. We prove that if the ether exists the stellar aberration can occur with the ether drag and then does not necessitate existence of the ethereal wind.
A new model in the form of undiscovered tiny particles is presented for the ether. With accepting this model and by using the results of the Michelson-Morley and Michelson-Gale experiments a model consisting of an ethereal stack stuck with the earth in its motion in the space is presented such that the earth can rotate axially inside this stack freely. We shall also see why atomic clocks are slow when are in (fast) motion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[9] viXra:0908.0053 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009

Electromagnetic Theory Without the Lorentz Transformations

Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: Pages.

We consider point magnetic charges as the sources of the magnetostatic fields, like the point electric charges for the electrostatic fields. Forms of the mutual effects of electric and magnetic charges on themselves and on each other are presented in the forms of vectorial relations. Using these relations incorrectness of a usual manner which eventually leads to the deviation from the classical physics and to the rejection of the Galilean transformations and to the resort to the special relativity is proven. Static potential energy of a distribution of electric and magnetic charges is presented with a careful view on the actual essence of each involved term; this itself shows a sample of the usual carelessness existing in the present current electromagnetic theory even in its static discussions. Almost all the fundamental relations in the present current electromagnetic theory are rewritten in new forms by using the fundamental vectorial relations presented at the beginning of the paper. In a more detailed argument the proportion of the curl of the dynamic field of one kind (ie magnetodynamic or electrodynamic) to the time derivative of the static field of the other kind (ie electrostatic or magnetostatic) is established; meanwhile the proportion of the current density of one kind to the time derivative of the field of the same kind is also shown. Lenz's law is obtained in its new form. Static and dynamic inductances are presented. By presenting an aspect which views the space full of much tiny electrostatic and magnetostatic dipoles, the possibility of the proportion of the static fields to the dynamic fields is shown. The way in which the electromagnetic wave propagates through these dipoles is easily explained by using the mentioned fundamental relations, and by obtaining the new form of Maxwell's equations and deducing the wave equations from them, this simple explanation is endorsed. By deducing the dynamic potential energy and explaining its difference with the static potential energy of a set of charges, the Poynting vector is obtained in its new form. It is shown that the fields of an electromagnetic wave are continuous across the boundary interfaces. Fresnel coefficients are obtained in their quite new forms, and it is explained that the coefficient appearing in the fundamental relations showing the relations between two electric and magnetic charges moving relative to each other, μ, must be construed as a world constant. The reflectance and transmittance are introduced in this new approach, and it is shown that sum of them is identical with one.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[8] viXra:0908.0040 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009

Will Solar Oscillations Spoil the Lisa Experiment?

Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 2 pages

A conjecture is discussed whereby the gravitational mass of an object depends on its mass/radius ratio. If the conjecture is true then solar oscillations of the sun would cause large signals for LISA. These signals would be greater than those produced by gravitational waves from distant sources, and potentially spoil the experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[7] viXra:0908.0039 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009

Unified Theory's Non-Expanding Universe Replaces Big Bang & Steady State Theories of Expanding Universe

Authors: Rati Ram Sharma
Comments: 11 pages

In a universe expanding as per the Big Bang or Steady State theory the cosmic redshifts should increase exponentially with time, which is not actually observed. So the universe is NOT expanding. In Unified Theory's non-expanding universe the total energy-mass content is eternally conserved with NO 'initial creation of matter from nothing' in a single big explosive event of the Big Bang theory or continuously as in the Steady State theory. The cosmic redshift is caused not by Doppler effects of receding velocities of stellar light sources but by depletion of photon energy during long passage through the sharmon medium due to non-Doppler effects of gravitational, electromagnetic & viscous losses. Cosmic microwave background follows naturally and plausible explanation given to the observation on Ia type supernovae, which has amazed & horrified the astronomers. Halton Arp's observation of high-redshift quasars in the vicinity of low-redshift parent star systems is also explained. There is no antigravity force permeating space and no likelihood for the universe to become empty ever in future. Age of the non-expanding universe is about 45 billion years. Dark energy and dark matter are related to the Sharmon medium. Realistic theory of Nonexpanding universe replaces Big Bang & Steady State theories of expanding universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[6] viXra:0908.0031 [pdf] submitted on 6 Aug 2009

Mechanism of Formation of Universe and Galaxies

Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 10 pages

As the galaxies are formed and the Universe as a whole is reviewed in this article.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:0908.0029 [pdf] submitted on 4 Aug 2009

The Law of the Habble Cosmogonic Error

Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 8 pages

In the article the problems, bound with the law Habble are reviewed
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:0908.0008 [pdf] replaced on 18 Aug 2009

Unified Theory Replaces Relativity.

Authors: Rati Ram Sharma
Comments: 14 pages

F A wave exists only in its propagating medium but Einstein erred to discard the physical medium for light wave and to introduce the non-existent 4-D spacetime continuum instead. It denied him the chance to address the intrinsic wave-quantum Unity of light and predict the new entity of 'basic substance' to compose all forms of E & m so compellingly demanded for the inter-conversions of E & m by the eqn. E=mc2, which is now re-derived. Unified Theory gives cogent arguments and experimental support for the existence of a real physical medium in space, the all-composing & allpervading 'sharmon medium' as Basic Substance. It propagates light as a wave-quantum UNITY, the particle aspect showing up at short wavelength e.g. from ~ 7000 A° downward in photochemical effects and below ~ 3000 A° in photoelectric effects. The non-substantive abstract concepts of space & time evolve from our perceptions of successive motions & changes in the surrounding objects and cannot fuse into any concrete spacetime continuum. If existent it would retard motion of heavenly bodies, which is not actually observed. Any non-composite static spacetime cannot undulate to transmit light. Various multidimensional spacetime continua are mere mathematical constructs bereft of physical existence and theories based on them unrealistic. Unified Theory explains from sharmon medium the constancy & invariance to source-observer motion, the two pillar postulates of Special Relativity without validating SR. It explains the Michelson-Morley and Sagnac experiments as also the observed variability of light velocity and superluminality, which invalidate Relativity Theories. Lorentz transformations do not describe any natural motion since no velocity can vary (like v) with, and be invariant (like c) to, a source-observer motion at the same time. The actual length of an object, viewed by say, 100 differently moving observers cannot undergo 100 different objective contractions at the same time, making 'contraction of length' an unrealistic concept. So is 'dilatation of time'. Unified Theory derives from sharmon medium the Maxwell equations and the time containing and time free equations for the propagation of wave-quantum unity in gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. The Schrodinger wave equation is also derived. It explains the photoelectric effect. Explanation of the bending of light in a gravitational field shows that photon has mass and gravitation is not a curvature in 4-D spacetime. All particles and energy-quanta have definite mass & size.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[3] viXra:0908.0005 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2009

The Rescaling Symmetry Principle.

Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 9 pages

A symmetry principle is discussed whereby the whole universe can change scale. It is shown that a reinterpretation of 'expansion' of the universe, (due to changing scale factor), as a 'rescaling', can lead to a redshift of light, due to a changing of Plancks constant with time. Predictions for the magnitudes of supernovae against redshift are made and found to be in good agreement with supernovae data, without recourse to dark energy. Matter density, of one quarter critical density, occurs naturally from Einsteins equations, with an equation of state parameter of -1 (in accordance with values inferred from WMAP data). It is concluded that the reinterpretation of a solution of the equations of General Relativity, for the universe, may be necessary. The question of inertia is considered, and the new interpretation of General Relativity is found to support modern views on its cause.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[2] viXra:0908.0004 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2009

On Gravity and the Motion of Dark Matter.

Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 4 pages

It has proved problematic, within General Relativity, to form a general definition of mass. The results of singularity theorems also seem to indicate an incompleteness of General Relativity. A simple model of the effect of the gravitational self binding energy of masses, on both gravitational and inertial mass, is considered. The result is a reduction in gravitational mass for compact objects, consequently it is proposed that General Relativity, or its successor, will ultimately show that singularities cannot form. As another consequence it is found that dark matter can best account for the flat shape of galactic rotation curves, if it is moving continuously towards the galactic centre. It is proposed that dark matter is ejected periodically from galactic centres. These proposals may best be tested by computer simulation, and if found to give a realistic match to observations, they may act as a guide to those attempting a fully formulated theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:0908.0003 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2009

Demonstration

Authors: António Saraiva
Comments: 2 pages

Einstein's spacetime doesn't exist because the Lorentz's invariance equation is equal to a constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology