[16] viXra:0912.0052 [pdf] submitted on 26 Dec 2009
Authors: Yoël Lana-Renault
Comments: 31 pages with 7 figures
This paper describes a mechanical theory for the unification of the basic forces of Nature with a single wave-particle interaction. The theory is based on the hypothesis that the ultimate components of matter are just two kind of pulsating particles. The interaction between these particles immersed in a fluid-like medium (ether) reproduces all the forces in Nature: electric, nuclear, gravitational, magnetic, atomic, van der Waals, Casimir, etc. The theory also designes the internal structure of the atom and of the fundamental particles that are currently known. Thus, a new concept of physics, capable of tackling entirely new problems, is introduced.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[15] viXra:0912.0050 [pdf] submitted on 24 Dec 2009
Authors: Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 3 pages
In physics spatial distance d is a product of velocity v and time t : d = v*t .
Mathematical formalism x4 = i*c*t
confirms that in Special Theory of Relativity forth
coordinate x4 is spatial too. x4 is composed out of c light speed, imaginary number i
and time t that represents "thick" of a clock. Time t obtained with clocks describes
numerical order of material change t0 ,t1 ,t2 .......tn. Clocks are reference systems for
measuring frequency, velocity, numerical order of material changes that run in space.
Time t x4 is running of clocks in space. Clock/time is a measuring reference system
for measuring physical events that are running exclusively in space and not in time.
Light speed c of light motion is a fundamental speed in the universe on which is
calculated basis unit of time "Planck time". This view explains some recent
experiments which confirm that time t of physical event can be zero.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[14] viXra:0912.0039 [pdf] submitted on 18 Dec 2009
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 11 Pages. This article will appear in the special issue of the Invertis Journal of Science and Technology, New Dehli, 2010
A brief review of a Conformal Gravity and U(4) x U(4) Yang-Mills Unification
model in four dimensions from a Clifford Gauge Field Theory in C-spaces
(Clifford spaces) is presented. It based on the (complex) Clifford Cl(4,C) algebra
underlying a complexified four dimensional spacetime (8 real dimensions).
The 16 fermions of each generation can be arranged into the 16 entries of a
4 x 4 matrix associated with the A = 1, 2, 3, ....., 16 indices corresponding to
the dimensions of the Cl(4) gauge algebra. The Higgs sector is also part of
the Cl(4)-algebra polyvector valued gauge field in C-space. The Yukawa couplings
which furnish masses to the fermions (after symmetry breaking) admit a
C-space geometric interpretation as well.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[13] viXra:0912.0027 [pdf] submitted on 10 Dec 2009
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 22 pages.
The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as
follows:
"Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or
the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation
law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in
spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. All forms of energy, including the
conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the
asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime
produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light
which created it. Charges produce forces which act to return the material system to its original
symmetric state (light), paying matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment is exampled by
matter-antimatter annihilation reactions, particle and proton decay, the nucleosynthetic pathway
of stars, and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries
of light associated with each of the 4 forces (and charges) of physics is the first step toward a
conceptual unification of those forces. (Part 2)
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] viXra:0912.0026 [pdf] submitted on 10 Dec 2009
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 21 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched
as follows:
"Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic
field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an
associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved
by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. All forms of energy,
including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the
"Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric
structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry
(and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charges produce forces which act to
return the material system to its original symmetric state (light), paying matter's
symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment is exampled by matter-antimatter annihilation
reactions, particle and proton decay, the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars, and Hawking's
"quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated
with each of the 4 forces (and charges) of physics is the first step toward a conceptual
unification of those forces. (Part 1)
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] viXra:0912.0025 [pdf] replaced on 25 Nov 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 5 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
Gravity plays a double conservation role in nature, conserving both: 1) the intrinsic motion of
light (by converting it to the intrinsic motion of time - via the annihilation of space and the
extraction of a metrically equivalent temporal residue (entropy conservation role); and 2)
conserving the non-local distributional symmetry of light's energy (by converting bound to free
energy in stars, and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes (symmetry conservation
role). These two conservation roles derive from the double gauge role of "velocity c", which
regulates both light's intrinsic motion c (the entropy drive of free electromagnetic energy), and
light's non-local distributional symmetry (vanishing time and distance in the direction of
propagation). When gravity conserves light's non-local, distributional symmetry (in obedience
to "Noether's Theorem"), via gravity's "location" charge, gravity also conserves light's entropy
drive by default, since time itself is the active principle of the "location" charge.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[10] viXra:0912.0020 [pdf] submitted on 8 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 14 pages.
Two somewhat long overdue arguments presented here may help in
further clarifying the so called "Black Whole War" and beyond that,
may be useful in Physics at large.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[9] viXra:0912.0019 [pdf] submitted on 8 Dec 2009
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 8 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
"Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal
constants, charges, and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite
the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than
absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity
of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these
asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short
term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts (charges), while
awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of
black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch". Gravity pays the entropy-interest on the symmetry
debt of matter by creating matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space, providing a
historical domain within which charge conservation can have significance. Gravitation
eventually also pays the energy-principle on matter's symmetry debt, converting bound energy
to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:0912.0018 [pdf] replaced on 12 Apr 2011
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 13 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
1) Noether's Theorem requires the conservation of light's symmetry no less than light's energy.
2) The charges (and spin) of matter are the symmetry debts of light.
3) Charge (and spin) conservation is a temporal, material form of symmetry conservation.
4) Paying (discharging) light's symmetry debt is the role of the 4 forces of physics (field
vectors).
5) Charge invariance in time and space (in the service of symmetry conservation) is the key to
understanding the local action of the forces ("local gauge symmetry currents").
6) The field vectors of the forces act as "local gauge symmetry currents" which maintain charge
invariance despite relative motions or other variations in local conditions - serving charge and
symmetry conservation, and in the case of gravity, serving energy, symmetry, entropy, and
causality conservation (because gravity creates time).
7) Gravity (as gauged by the universal gravitational constant "big G") transforms the global
spatial metric of absolute motion and light, as gauged by the universal electromagnetic constant
"c", into a local spacetime metric accommodating relative motion and matter, as well as light.
(The local gravitational metric is characterized by "little g".) (Gravity creates time by the
annihilation and conversion of space.)
8) Gravity pays the entropy-"interest" on matter's symmetry debt, creating time by the
annihilation of metrically equivalent space, decelerating cosmic expansion in consequence.
Conversely, the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy (as in the stars and via
Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes), pays the energy-"principle" on all symmetry
and entropy debts, restoring (and hence to all appearances "accelerating") the original cosmic
expansion. The radiance of our Sun and the stars represents a completed "circuit" of symmetry
conservation. (See: "Currents of Entropy and Symmetry)".
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:0912.0011 [pdf] replaced on 28 Apr 2011
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 12 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
The local gauge symmetry transformation of the weak force is the conversion of one single
elementary particle into another, identical in all respects with others of its species, in which the
mass of the IVB (intermediate vector boson) serves as the local gauge symmetry "current" or
field vector. (See: "The 'W' IVB and the Weak Force Mechanism".)
The most significant effect of the massive weak force IVBs is that they create a specific energy
level, a particular unified force symmetric energy state (as "gauged" or scaled by the mass of
the Higgs boson), that recreates the original energy-dense primordial environment in which
particles were first created and transformed during the early micro-moments of the "Big Bang".
This recapitulation ensures that the original and strictly conserved values of charge, mass,
energy, etc. are handed on invariant to the next generation of elementary particles: single
elementary particles created today must be exactly the same in every respect as elementary
particles created eons ago during the "Big Bang". These unified force symmetric energy states
(for example, the electroweak unified force state, as produced by the "W" IVB) - within which
identity transformations are the normal course of events - appear to us as the quantized masses
of the IVBs.
At the electroweak energy level mediated by the "W" IVB, "ground state" or electromagnetic
species-level "flavor" identities (electrons vs u, d quarks) are subsumed within a broader
generic-level identity (leptons vs hadrons); at the next higher GUT (grand unified theory)
energy level (in which the electroweak and strong forces are unified), generic-level identities
are subsumed within family-level identities - leptons and hadrons become simply fermions or
leptoquarks. The final force unification level, the TOE (theory of everything) or Planck energy
level, incorporates gravity, in which fermions and bosons, particles, light, gravity, and
spacetime, are all subsumed within the elemental order-level of electromagnetic
energy - Gamow's "ylem". (Here I have deliberately employed the terms of the familiar biological
taxonomic hierarchy (species, genus, family, order), as it provides a good analogy for the way
particle identities and categories (which may be less familiar to the general reader) are
subsumed within the physics hierarchy or energy levels of the unified force symmetric energy
states - electromagnetic (ground state), electroweak, GUT, and TOE.) (See: "The Higgs Boson
and the Weak Force IVBs".)
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:0912.0010 [pdf] replaced on 1 May 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 15 pages. This file has also been published as a knol.
"Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants,
charges, and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile
environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy,
partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces,
which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric
state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry
debts (charges), while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum
radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch". Gravity pays the entropy-"interest" on the symmetry
debt of matter by creating matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space, providing a historical
domain within which charge conservation can have significance, and the repayment of symmetry debts can
be indefinitely deferred. Gravitation eventually also pays the energy-"principle" on matter's symmetry debt,
converting bound energy to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes,
completely vanishing mass and its associated gravitational field.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:0912.0009 [pdf] replaced on 14 Apr 2011
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 11 pages. This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants and other conserved parameters (such as charge, causality, and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their charges (= symmetry debts) while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of blackholes, or a universal "Big Crunch.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:0912.0007 [pdf] replaced on 20 May 2011
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 8 pages.
The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched
as follows:
"Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic
field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an
associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved
by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy
is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is
conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the
conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the
asymmetric interaction (as mediated by the weak force) of primordial, high energy light
with the metric structure of spacetime produced matter; matter carries charges which are
the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it.
Charge invariance is a crucial corollary of charge and symmetry conservation,
maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric of relative motion by "local gauge
symmetry currents" (compensating components of the field vectors of the four physical
forces, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval", and
causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy
conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges
produce forces which act to return the material system to its original symmetric state
(light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of
matter's symmetry debt (partial or complete) is exampled by: 1) spontaneous, exothermic
chemical reactions and matter-antimatter annihilations (electromagnetic force); 2)
radioactivity, fission/fusion, and proton decay (nuclear forces); 3) the nucleosynthetic
pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes (gravity). Identifying
the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of
physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of
matter are the symmetry debts of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:0912.0003 [pdf] replaced on 1 Oct 2010
Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 6 pages, Also archived as arXiv:0908.3024 [physics.gen-ph]. Conclusion section added.
Many physical constants related to quantized gravity, e.g., the Planck length, mass, curvature,
stress-energy, etc., are nonanalytic in G at G = 0, and thus have expansions in powers of G whose terms are
progressively more divergent with increasing order. Since the gravity field's classical action is inversely
proportional to G, the path integral for gravity-field quantum transition amplitudes shows that these
depend on G only through the product ℏG, and are nonanalytic in G at G = 0 for the same reason
that all quantum transition amplitudes are nonanalytic in ℏ at ℏ = 0, namely their standard oscillatory
essential singularity at the classical 'limit'. Thus perturbation expansions in powers of G of gravity-field
transition amplitudes are also progressively more divergent with increasing order, and hence unrenormalizable. While their perturbative treatment is impossible, the exceedingly small value of ℏG makes
the semiclassical treatment of these amplitudes extraordinarily accurate, indeed to such an extent that
purely classical treatment of the gravity field ought to always be entirely adequate. It should therefore
be fruitful to couple classical gravity to other fields which actually need to be quantized: those fields'
ubiquitous, annoying ultraviolet divergences would thereupon undergo drastic self-gravitational red shift,
and thus be cut off.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:0912.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2 Dec 2009
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 6 pages.
The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched
as follows:
"Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic
field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an
associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved
by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy
is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is
conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the
conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang",
the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of
spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy)
debts of the light which created it. Charge invariance is therefore an important corollary
of charge and symmetry conservation, maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric
of relative motion by "local gauge symmetry currents" (compensating components of the
field vectors, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval",
and causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy
conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges
produce forces which act to return the material system toward its original symmetric state
(light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of
matter's symmetry debt (partial and complete) is exampled by: 1) chemical reaction and
matter-antimatter annihilation; 2) radioactivity and proton decay; 3) the nucleosynthetic
pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the
broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is
the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of matter are
the symmetry debts of light. (continued)
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:0912.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Dec 2009
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 6 pages.
The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched
as follows:
"Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic
field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an
associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved
by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy
is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is
conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the
conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the
asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of
spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy)
debts of the light which created it. Charge invariance is therefore an important corollary
of charge and symmetry conservation, maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric
of relative motion by "local gauge symmetry currents" (compensating components of the
field vectors, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval",
and causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy
conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges
produce forces which act to return the material system toward its original symmetric state
(light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of
matter's symmetry debt (partial and complete) is exampled by: 1) chemical reaction and
matter-antimatter annihilation; 2) radioactivity and proton decay; 3) the nucleosynthetic
pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the
broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is
the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of matter are
the symmetry debts of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory