[2] viXra:0910.0055 [pdf] submitted on 28 Oct 2009
Authors: Isaac Shomer
Comments: The title and abstract of this article have been submitted for inclusion in the April 2010 meeting of the American Physical Society
Additionally, information covered by this paper will likely be presented in video format on my web site,
http://www.metacafe.com/channels/SpaceCadet262/
The hypothesis of Fischbach and Jenkins that neutrinos emitted from the
sun accelerate radioactive decay is noted. It is thought that neutrinos accelerate
beta decay by reacting with neutron-rich nuclides to form a beta particle and a
daughter product, with no antineutrino emitted. Conversely, it is proposed that
antineutrinos can react with proton-rich nuclides to cause positron decay, with no
neutrino emitted. It is also proposed that the nuclear fusion of the hydrogen bomb
is triggered not only by the energy of the igniting fission bomb, but by the
antineutrinos created by the rapid beta decay of the daughter products in the
fission process. The contemplated mechanism for this chain reaction fusion
process is the following: (1) The antineutrinos from the fission daughter products
cause positron decay of deuterium by the process outlined above. (2) In a later
fusion step, these positrons subsequently react with neutrons in deuterium to
create antineutrinos. Electrons are unavailable to annihilate positrons in the
plasma of the hydrogen bomb. (3) These antineutrinos thereafter react with more
deuterium to form positrons, thereby propagating the chain.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[1] viXra:0910.0034 [pdf] replaced on 15 Dec 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 7 pages, This paper has also been published as a Google "Knol".
The exact origin of the strong force (holding compound atomic nuclei together) is not yet a
completely settled matter. Some authors (Robert Oerter) attribute this force to the exchange of
virtual mesons between protons and neutrons (as in the original theory of Yukawa), while
others (Frank Close) claim this old model has been superseded by the modern theory of
quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and attribute the binding of nucleons to a magnetic analog
of the color charge, originating in the exchange of gluons between quarks. My own view is that
the original Yukawa model is correct, but the reader will have to make his own choice, and
realize that not all experts would agree with me (or each other).
My reasons for preferring the original Yukawa model are several:
1) Yukawa's mathematics work, correctly predicting the mass of the exchanged mesons. If we
deny the validity of this model, what are we to do with this mathematical structure and these
mesons? Neither will go away just to please a new model.
2) If the color-magnetism theory is correct, then all proton-neutron combinations should be
equivalent, whereas we know that some are favored - the alpha particle, for example - and all
combinations of even numbers of nucleons. There are also "magic numbers" of nucleons,
combinations of special stability among the heavier nuclei. Finally, why do we not find isolated
neutron-neutron pairings? The pion exchange model answers all these questions.
3) Because mesons carry both flavor and color charges, it is also possible that both effects are at
work simultaneously. Mesons carry color-anticolor charges (always of the same color), so they
can neatly substitute themselves for the color charge of a baryon's quark. Because they also
carry flavor/anti-flavor charges (in this case not necessarily of the same flavor: d and anti- u, for
example), they can just as neatly change a baryon's "u" quark into a "d" quark (and hence a
proton into a neutron), or vice versa. A "magnetic" color effect, however, could not by itself
change a quark's flavor. The exchange of mesons allows the neutron to satisfy its natural
tendency to undergo beta decay via a virtual reaction rather than an actual decay.
4) The magnetic analog of the color charge is expressed as "asymptotic freedom" - the
increasing freedom of movement of the quarks as they approach each other at the center of the
baryon. Hence this is an inwardly directed "magnetic" effect, typical of the strong force, not a
likely source for binding energy outside the confines of the baryon. The symmetry-keeping role
of the color charge is to permanently confine the fractional charges of the quarks to whole
quantum charge units. While "asymptotic freedom" is completely understandable within this
conservation context as a "local gauge symmetry" effect, the external binding of other baryons
is not. (See: Frank Close: The New Cosmic Onion" Taylor and Francis 2007); (See: Robert
Oerter: The Theory of Almost Everything. Penguin (Plume) 2006); (See: Gross, Politzer,
Wilczek: Science: 15 October 2004 vol. 306 page 400: "Laurels to Three Who Tamed
Equations of Quark Theory.")
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics