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Any replacements are listed further down
[30] viXra:1202.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-03 06:54:25
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 10 Pages.
Two papers which provide the foundation of the human economy and the unification of the supply and demand-side schools of economic thought.
Category: Economics and Finance
[29] viXra:1201.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-05 13:24:54
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 2 Pages. In Portuguese
Municípios são englobados em decisões de política econômica de estados, que por sua
vez são englobados nas decisões de países. Governos municipais, estaduais e federais precisam
prestar atenção nos efeitos que uns exercem sobre os outros, já que, em prol de escolher a
melhor política econômica possível precisa-se saber a posição da governança
maior; e a governança maior deve adotar uma política econômica que beneficia a maioria da
governança menor.
Category: Economics and Finance
[28] viXra:1112.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-16 08:17:13
Authors: Adam Chmaj
Comments: 1 Page.
Any comments?
Category: Economics and Finance
[27] viXra:1111.0093 [pdf] submitted on 24 Nov 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 5 pages.
Especificou-se em trabalhos passados como uma economia começa (Ignição do
Crescimento Econômico) e como a governança desta deve ser em diferentes fases do
crescimento (Crescimento, Economia de Oferta e de Demanda). Com a compreensão da
formação da economia e de quais políticas fiscais e monetárias adotar no progredir desta
no tempo, ou seja, sabendo-se como governar, tem-se apenas que lidar com as
armadilhas fiscais e monetárias que se encontram pelo caminho durante a governança.
Aqui buscamos compreender as causas destas armadilhas e prover aos governantes
maneiras de evitá-las e resolvê-las, objetivando a proteção da economia e,
consequentemente, dos agentes econômicos presentes nesta.
Category: Economics and Finance
[26] viXra:1110.0067 [pdf] submitted on 25 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 4 pages
Considere uma área na qual não há população, então não há circulação de bens e
serviços. Se um grupo de pessoas sem riqueza decide popular a área, eles não podem
viver através de serem prestadores de serviços ou comerciantes, já que não há ninguém
para pagar por seus serviços ou prover lucro para o comércio na área. A única maneira
de pessoas sem riqueza sobreviverem é através de fazer uso dos recursos naturais (bens)
da região ou produzir bens, então elas terão algo com o qual trocar com prestadores de
serviços e comerciantes, atiçando-os para a área com advinda demanda por serviços e
bens. Quanto às pessoas que têm riqueza e se instalam em uma área inabitada, elas irão
querer trazer trabalhadores para ter suas necessidades satisfeitas sem a necessidade de
longa locomoção. Aqui nós propomos que a ignição, o começar, do crescimento
econômico numa dada localidade geográfica só pode tomar duas formas comuns
(dependente da produção de bens e dependente da instalação de indivíduos com
condições financeiras na área). Fora do patamar comum, discutem-se três formas
excepcionais (dependente do turismo, dependente da prestação de serviços que utilizam
telecomunicação, ou seja, 'exportação de serviços' e dependente do comércio cuja
clientela é transeunte) e 26 (vinte seis) formas mistas, que ocorrem em regiões onde a
ignição se dá simultaneamente por uma junção entre as formas.
Category: Economics and Finance
[25] viXra:1110.0064 [pdf] submitted on 24 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 6 pages, in Portuguese
Considere riqueza circulando em uma dada localidade geográfica, já que há circulação
de bens e serviços. O que pode causar que a circulação deles diminua, estagne ou
enfrente crescimento lento nesta localidade? Somente a riqueza não circular na região,
isto é, não haver demanda. Então, o que faz com que economia de oferta seja pensada
como uma opção viável para muitos e qual seu papel no crescimento de uma economia?
Aqui nós discutimos crescimento e contrastamos a lógica da economia de demanda com
a escola de pensamento da economia de oferta, através de uma perspectiva baseada na
ignição econômica, prosseguindo do nosso trabalho prévio no assunto. Com isto,
pretendemos mostrar que tanto economia de oferta quanto de demanda tem um dado,
mas específico e não relacionado, papel no crescimento econômico e que o único fator
que influencia o crescimento é se a riqueza está circulando na dada localidade
geográfica. O presente trabalho se foca na discussão do pós-ignição de uma economia
humana.
Category: Economics and Finance
[24] viXra:1103.0083 [pdf] submitted on 21 Mar 2011
Authors: Subhajit Ganguly
Comments: 6 pages.
The issues regarding the functioning and growth of an ideal economic society is the
subject of investigation here. One basic guideline for such a society is that it must have total
control over its economics and that money cannot drive such a society from pillar to post. The
equal right of every individual over the basic amenities to live and grow and equal right of every
individual over the resources, ensuring no misuse of the society's resources may be taken care
of by controlling the market through a control-parameter, decided upon by the society.
Category: Economics and Finance
[23] viXra:1102.0047 [pdf] submitted on 25 Feb 2011
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments:
13 pages.
In the present article the writer discuss a number of alternative model of world population growth.
Category: Economics and Finance
[22] viXra:1101.0060 [pdf] submitted on 19 Jan 2011
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 4 pages
It is suggested that, unlike the long practiced traditional superficial
approaches to human issues, like those pursued by Krugman among
many others, one should give serious consideration to the frequent fact
that individuals coming from the same family background, thus with
the same racial, ethnic, cultural, economic and social initial conditions,
often diverge immensely in their adult lives across ranges between
honest work and crime, extremist and moderate politics, or atheism and
religion, among others. Presently, no social, political or economics
science deals in the least with that issue.
Category: Economics and Finance
[21] viXra:1101.0036 [pdf] submitted on 10 Jan 2011
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 4 pages
It is suggested that psychological aspects of the behaviour of the
general population with respect to economics - advocated by
Krugman, following the economic crises of 2008 - should be extended to
economists as well, in order to avoid the excessive and mostly senseless
polarization of economists in opposing ideological camps, a
polarization still so dominant nowadays.
Category: Economics and Finance
[20] viXra:1008.0002 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2010
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 21 Pages.
In the present article a number of critical economics situations are discussed based on clan
capitalism as starting point. One can see clearly then, that instead of assuming 'ordinary
economy' and clan/crony capitalism is an exception in particular nation because of certain
socio-historical context, one should begin with the opposite assumption instead: that can
capitalism can be found almost everywhere in this planet.
Category: Economics and Finance
[19] viXra:1004.0124 [pdf] submitted on 10 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Mohammad Khoshnevisan
Comments:
109 pages.
Computational models pervade all branches of the exact sciences and have in recent
times also started to prove to be of immense utility in some of the traditionally 'soft'
sciences like ecology, sociology and politics. This volume is a collection of a few cuttingedge
research papers on the application of variety of computational models and tools in
the analysis, interpretation and solution of vexing real-world problems and issues in
economics, management, ecology and global politics by some prolific researchers in the
field.
Category: Economics and Finance
[18] viXra:1004.0095 [pdf] submitted on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 7 pages.
The efficient market hypothesis based primarily on the statistical principle of Bayesian
inference has been proved to be only a special-case scenario. The generalized financial
market, modeled as a binary, stochastic system capable of attaining one of two possible
states ...
Category: Economics and Finance
[17] viXra:1004.0093 [pdf] submitted on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Khoshnevisan
Comments: 10 pages.
In our present paper, we have explored the possibilities and developed arguments for an application
of principles of neutrosophic game theory as a generalization of the fuzzy game theory model to a
better understanding of the Israel-Palestine problem in terms of the goals and governing strategies
of either side. We build on an earlier attempted justification of a game theoretic explanation of
this problem by Yakir Plessner (2001) and go on to argue in favour of a neutrosophic adaptation of
the standard 2x2 zero-sum game theoretic model in order to identify an optimal outcome
Category: Economics and Finance
[16] viXra:1004.0085 [pdf] submitted on 9 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments:
10 pages.
During the past decades there are growing concerns on the escalation and massive deprivation
of the public life's quality, which some researchers attribute these as effects of the so-called
'Globalization'. To cite a few books, Prof. J. Stiglitz's book "Globalization and its Discontent"
has sparked debate all over the world. A somewhat less known book which is worth to mention
here is N. Hertz's book "The Silent Takeover."
The present article may not offer something new compared to the aforementioned 'standard
literature' in the critical analysis of globalization, but we discuss some hints on deep the root
causes of the problems related to globalization, not only at phenomenological-social level but
also at mathematical foundations of economics theory itself, namely the notion of 'utility'.
Category: Economics and Finance
[15] viXra:1004.0017 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 9 pages
This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and
Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to
the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has
been actually committed, given that no Type I error occurred while rejecting the
null hypothesis H0: The observed first-digit frequencies approximate a Benford
distribution; and accepting the alternative hypothesis H1: The observed first-digit
frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution. We have also suggested
a conceptual model to implement such a neutrosophic fraud detection system.
Category: Economics and Finance
[14] viXra:1003.0251 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 11 pages
We propose the poly-emporium theory. A search done in
Google on May 3rd, 2008, for the term "poly-emporium"
returned no entry, so we introduce it for the first time.
Category: Economics and Finance
[13] viXra:1003.0237 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 pages
In the last few decades, the flexible exchange rate has become the predominating policy
implemented by most countries in the World, except only a few countries who can keep their
exchange rates fixed. The predominating position can be attributed mainly to Milton Friedman's
strong support. What is less known, nonetheless, is a hidden premise that the flexible exchange
rate policy will help fiscal policy in the sense that only governments who do not manage the
fiscal policy properly will get 'punished' by exchange rate decreases. But as the US-Japan
experience showed [1], this widely-held assumption is often not realistic. The same experience
has been observed in other countries too, i.e. that financial liberalization including flexible
exchange rate often became precursor of financial instability [2].
While in the past year, in Indonesia for particular, the exchange rate remains stable, it does not
mean that it would be free from troubles in the future. Therefore it is worthwhile to explore some
other choices for better exchange rate policy.
In the present paper will discuss, albeit in somewhat 'crude' manner, some long-term approaches
which have been discussed in the literature, and also not-so conventional approaches which may
be suitable for short term purposes.
The basic proposition in the present paper is that we argue in favor of returning to fixed (or
pegging) exchange rate, but of course it is not realistic to promote this policy for the short-term
future. Therefore we explore some unconventional alternatives for short-term. It is our hope that
the proposition would be useful to explore further by the economics policy makers.
Category: Economics and Finance
[12] viXra:1003.0201 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Fu Yuhua, Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: 96 pages
Nowadays, plenty of factories from Europe and other developed countries have been relocated
to this country, considering its tremendous economic scale and rapid growth rate during the
past three decades.
But most of what happens inside the China nowadays is deeply hidden from the outside world
("the foreigners" as China people would call). This fact is partly because most reports on
China were written by the so-called fly-high experts who are busy completing their reports
despite a busy schedule. Very few books or reports were written by people inside, or at least
"foreigners" who spent a few years in China. Therefore in this book, we took a different approach,
by inviting local scientists and other writers to describe what happens surround them.
Category: Economics and Finance
[11] viXra:1003.0200 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 63 pages
After more than a decade Michael Porter's book Competitive
Advantage of Nations stays ahead of the other books, in
particular as alternative framework from the comparative
advantage idea inspired by Adam Smith.
This small book is merely an alternative proposition, a
postscript perhaps, to Porter's book, with basic idea that one
cannot rely merely on industrial processes alone to keep
stay ahead of market changes. Hence, for cities in
developing countries the municipal shall find out their city's
best resources, and develop their city starting from there,
instead of striving blindly in the conventional industrial path.
Category: Economics and Finance
[10] viXra:1003.0184 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: 11 pages
Despite the economics jargon on 'rational choice', nowadays the entire world has nothing else to choose except to
succumb under the spell of magic words of modern economics, i.e. 'neoliberalism', 'financial liberalization', 'free
market' (laissez-faire), and 'globalization'. All of these can be shown to be part of a preconception, i.e. far beyond
the 'neutral' idea of natural sciences.
In Fritjof Capra's book 'Turning Point' (Bantam Books, 1982) these phenomena are summarized as follows:
economics thinking have started by assuming that in economics sciences one can achieve the same generality and
universality that physicists enjoy in doing Natural Sciences. In other words, economists try to become through their
work 'hard science' rather than recognizing that in economics the subject of their study is human/people which is
far from being predictable, either as individual or as society.
In our humble opinion, economics is a mixture of both, hard and soft sciences. In order to show this, we introduce
a new study, called Poly-Emporium Theory, where we show that phenomena from hard science and soft science
co-exist and interact in economics. Poly-Emporium Theory is the study of interactions among many (big and small)
firms in the market, and it is different from oligopoly since poly-emporium takes into consideration the small firms
too (not only the big firms that dominate the market as in oligopoly).
The above logic of thinking is the starting point to submit a new idea, under the heading of 'Cultural Advantage.'
The first book in the series has title: Cultural Advantage for Cities: An alternative for Developing Countries. This
presentation summarizes its basic ideas, with a hope that these ideas may be found interesting to develop further.
For clarity the readers are referred to the book.
Category: Economics and Finance
[9] viXra:1003.0133 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: M. Khoshnevisan, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 18 pages
In this paper we have devised an alternative methodological approach for
quantifying utility in terms of expected information content of the decisionmaker's
choice set. We have proposed an extension to the concept of utility by
incorporating extrinsic utility; which we have defined as the utility derived from
the element of choice afforded to the decision-maker by the availability of an
object within his or her object set. We have subsequently applied this extended
utility concept to the case of investor utility derived from a structured, financial
product - an custom-made investment portfolio incorporating an endogenous
capital-guarantee through inclusion of cash as a risk-free asset, based on the
Black-Scholes derivative-pricing formulation. We have also provided instances
of potential application of information and coding theory in the realms of financial
decision-making with such structured portfolios, in terms of transmission of
product information.
Category: Economics and Finance
[8] viXra:1003.0131 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: M. Khoshnevisan, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 24 pages
In this paper we take a look at a simple portfolio insurance strategy using a protective put
and computationally derive the investor's governing utility structures underlying such a
strategy under alternative market scenarios. Investor utility is deemed to increase with an
increase in the excess equity generated by the portfolio insurance strategy over a simple
investment strategy without any insurance. Three alternative market scenarios
(probability spaces) have been explored - "Down", "Neutral" and "Up", categorized
according to whether the price of the underlying security is most likely to go down, stay
unchanged or go up. The methodology used is computational, primarily based on
simulation and numerical extrapolation. The Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion has
been used to determine how the investors react towards risk under the different scenarios.
Category: Economics and Finance
[7] viXra:1003.0129 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Jack Allen, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 21 pages
Each individual investor is different, with different financial goals, different levels of
risk tolerance and different personal preferences. From the point of view of investment
management, these characteristics are often defined as objectives and constraints.
Objectives can be the type of return being sought, while constraints include factors such
as time horizon, how liquid the investor is, any personal tax situation and how risk is
handled. It's really a balancing act between risk and return with each investor having
unique requirements, as well as a unique financial outlook - essentially a constrained
utility maximization objective. To analyze how well a customer fits into a particular
investor class, one investment house has even designed a structured questionnaire with
about two-dozen questions that each has to be answered with values from 1 to 5. The
questions range from personal background (age, marital state, number of children, job
type, education type, etc.) to what the customer expects from an investment (capital
protection, tax shelter, liquid assets, etc.). A fuzzy logic system has been designed for the
evaluation of the answers to the above questions. We have investigated the notion of
fuzziness with respect to funds allocation.
Category: Economics and Finance
[6] viXra:1001.0037 [pdf] submitted on 26 Jan 2010
Authors: Dainis Zeps
Comments: 5 pages, Article deposited in http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14453/
We suggest new approach to what should be considered money. We argue that not money
itself should be measurable quantity but change of it, thus, entering gauge freedom action in
economics in analogy with what we perceive what concerns nature how it is described by
theoretical physics.
Category: Economics and Finance
[5] viXra:1001.0036 [pdf] submitted on 26 Jan 2010
Authors: Dainis Zeps
Comments: 8 pages. Article deposited in http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14416/
Today economy is run without knowing the rules, or what is run whatsoever. Perhaps
commonwealth should be allowed to function under its own laws that could be discovered
similarly to those, say, in physics or biology. Moreover, perhaps the quantity value of what
money measures could be discovered as well. Greed in whatever appearance, direct or
hidden, should be detected as maleficence and excluded completely from scientifically
guided economy.
Category: Economics and Finance
[4] viXra:0912.0046 [pdf] submitted on 19 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 61 pages.
Several recent essays are presented on the difficulties scientific
research and science researchers have by now been facing for a number
of decades due to what goes by the name of "science management".
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:0912.0042 [pdf] submitted on 19 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 13 pages.
Two vastly different historical stages in wealth creation are the traditional
one based on agriculture during past millennia, and the one
based on science research in our present globalizing knowledge society.
The differences happen to be so considerable, and the emergence
of the second stage relatively so recent, that the awareness of the full
range of consequences regarding the proper pursuit of science research,
which is the root of wealth in our knowledge society, is missing to an
extent that may, even in the medium term, seriously endanger the
sustainability of modern human society.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:0912.0035 [pdf] submitted on 16 Dec 2009
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 8 Pages.
We love you all nations, but time is very limited. Be hurry, be hurry to repent and receive Me, Jesus Christ. Me will come again very very soon, and you should know that it is good not for your health to do not repent and do not receive Me, Jesus Christ. This paper describes a simple experiment in order to redefine utility term from the viewpoint of experimenter. We discuss how individual achievement can be broken down into a number of factors. We consider a number of factors which can be verified experimentally, and that's why this paper is original and new in nature. A discussion of implications of these factors for economics study is given.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:0810.0004 [pdf] submitted on 11 Oct 2008
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: recovered from sciprint.org
Despite the economics jargon on 'rational choice', nowadays the entire world has nothing else to choose except to
succumb under the spell of magic words of modern economics, i.e. 'neoliberalism', 'financial liberalization', 'free
market' (laissez-faire), and 'globalization'. All of these can be shown to be part of a preconception, i.e. far beyond
the 'neutral' idea of natural sciences.
In Fritjof Capra's book 'Turning Point' (Bantam Books, 1982) these phenomena are summarized as follows:
economics thinking have started by assuming that in economics sciences one can achieve the same generality and
universality that physicists enjoy in doing Natural Sciences. In other words, economists try to become through their
work 'hard science' rather than recognizing that in economics the subject of their study is human/people which is
far from being predictable, either as individual or as society.
In our humble opinion, economics is a mixture of both, hard and soft sciences. In order to show this, we introduce
a new study, called Poly-Emporium Theory, where we show that phenomena from hard science and soft science
co-exist and interact in economics. Poly-Emporium Theory is the study of interactions among many (big and
small) firms in the market, and it is different from oligopoly since poly-emporium takes into
consideration the small firms too (not only the big firms that dominate the market as in oligopoly).
The above logic of thinking is the starting point to submit a new idea, under the heading of 'Cultural Advantage.'
The first book in the series has title: Cultural Advantage for Cities: An alternative for Developing Countries.
Category: Economics and Finance
[4] viXra:1110.0064 [pdf] replaced on 25 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 6 pages
Considere riqueza circulando em uma dada localidade geográfica, já que há circulação
de bens e serviços. O que pode causar que a circulação deles diminua, estagne ou
enfrente crescimento lento nesta localidade? Somente a riqueza não circular na região,
isto é, não haver demanda. Então, o que faz com que economia de oferta seja pensada
como uma opção viável para muitos e qual seu papel no crescimento de uma economia?
Aqui nós discutimos crescimento e contrastamos a lógica da economia de demanda com
a escola de pensamento da economia de oferta, através de uma perspectiva baseada na
ignição econômica, prosseguindo do nosso trabalho prévio no assunto. Com isto,
pretendemos mostrar que tanto economia de oferta quanto de demanda tem um dado,
mas específico e não relacionado, papel no crescimento econômico e que o único fator
que influencia o crescimento é se a riqueza está circulando na dada localidade
geográfica. O presente trabalho se foca na discussão do pós-ignição de uma economia
humana.
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:1008.0002 [pdf] replaced on 9 Aug 2010
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 24 Pages.
In the present article a number of critical economics situations are discussed based on clan
capitalism as starting point. One can see clearly then, that instead of assuming 'ordinary
economy' and clan/crony capitalism is an exception in particular nation because of certain
socio-historical context, one should begin with the opposite assumption instead: that can
capitalism can be found almost everywhere in this planet.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:1004.0017 [pdf] replaced on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 9 pages.
This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and
Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to
the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has
been actually committed, given that no Type I error occurred while rejecting the
null hypothesis H0: The observed first-digit frequencies approximate a Benford
distribution; and accepting the alternative hypothesis H1: The observed first-digit
frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution. We have also suggested
a conceptual model to implement such a neutrosophic fraud detection system.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:0912.0042 [pdf] replaced on 20 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 13 pages.
Two vastly different historical stages in wealth creation are the traditional
one based on agriculture during past millennia, and the one
based on science research in our present globalizing knowledge society.
The differences happen to be so considerable, and the emergence
of the second stage relatively so recent, that the awareness of the full
range of consequences regarding the proper pursuit of science research,
which is the root of wealth in our knowledge society, is missing to an
extent that may, even in the medium term, seriously endanger the
sustainability of modern human society.
Category: Economics and Finance