[22] viXra:0908.0087 [pdf] submitted on 24 Aug 2009
Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 4 pages
In the article one more physical sense of a constant of the Planck is detected and the
inaccuracy of notions endured in heading of the article is shown.
Category: Classical Physics
[21] viXra:0908.0072 [pdf] submitted on 12 Aug 2009
Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 8 pages
In the article the in-depth arguing is given, that takes place at magnetic processing
of water.
Category: Classical Physics
[20] viXra:0908.0070 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 3 pages
The molecules of the reflecting surface are sources of Huygens' wavelets
which make the reflected wavefront. These molecules can be nonplanar to
the extent of a fraction of the wavelength while yet there exists practically
reflected plane wavefront.
Category: Classical Physics
[19] viXra:0908.0069 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 6 pages
The real causes of force existent between two current-carrying wires are searched.
Some electromagnetic experiments are proposed to verify these causes and other similar material.
Category: Classical Physics
[18] viXra:0908.0068 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 3 pages
In a primary manner it is shown that if a body is stationary the torque
exerted on it is zero, while at present avoiding the analytical proof of this
theorem, this theorem is presented to the student unprovenly and almost
as an axiom.
Category: Classical Physics
[17] viXra:0908.0067 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 11 pages
In surface evaporation the liquid increases the potential energy of
its molecules by taking heat while their kinetic energies remain unchanged.
In such state the molecules are in the form of a gas (vapor).
We know that in an isothermal system of a liquid and a gas adjacent to
it, the temperature of the gas decreases due to the surface evaporation
while some net heat is transferred from the gas to the liquid. So, if the
temperature of the gas is lower than the temperature of the liquid only
in a sufficiently small extent, some net heat will be still transferred
from the gas to the liquid due to the surface evaporation and finally
the gas and liquid (and vapor) will be isothermal (in a temperature
lower than the initial temperature). This matter violates the Clausius
(or refrigerator) statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
Category: Classical Physics
[16] viXra:0908.0066 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 16 pages
It is shown that surface tension is not the reason causing minimization
of the surface of a liquid pile. It is shown that there exists a pressure inside
the liquid arising from the inward intermolecular resultant force on the
surface molecules exerted by the liquid molecules adjacent to the surface.
We call it as cohesion pressure. A method is presented for measuring
the intermolecular attraction which will be also a means for testing the
theory in comparison with the current theory of surface tension. It is
proven that the surface tension is not what causes the horizontal wire
sliding on the two limbs of a U-shaped wire to be in equilibrium in any
position when a liquid film forms the area of the U-shaped wire. In a
sure manner, incorrectness of the current relation Δp = 4
γ/R, for the
pressure difference between inside and outside of a bubble having radius
R, and Δp = 4
γ/R, for the one related to a solid drop having radius
R, is proven. It is shown that the adhesion reduces the pressure inside
the liquid, because a part of the liquid weight is sustained by the walls
of the container. The mechanism of capillarity is discussed in detail in
terms of intermolecular attraction and cohesion pressure. Dependence of
rise altitude on depth of dipping and dependence of fall depth on depth
of dipping are properties in capillarity; this is predicted by the theory
presented in this paper and not by the theory of surface tension, and then
can be a practical test for the theory.
Category: Classical Physics
[15] viXra:0908.0065 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 18 pages
It is not necessary to distinguish between inertial and gravitational
masses believing that the nature has chosen them quite proportional to
each other by chance, and not necessary to believe that the nature by
chance has chosen the power of distance in inverse-square forces exactly
equal to two, and not necessary that in trying to define mass (and force)
to become involved in a vicious circle using presupposition of existence
of inertial reference frame which itself requires pre-definition of mass.
Newton's laws of motion are rewritten in a logical manner. Some primary
models are presented as guides for discovering the essence of known
forces. A model for justifying the force between two electric and magnetic
charges, moving relative to each other, is presented. In fact energy has
only one form: kinetic energy. The law of action-reaction holds completely
and undoubtedly only during the direct collisions of particles.
Category: Classical Physics
[14] viXra:0908.0064 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 7 pages
As we know the Michelson-Morley experiment proves that there is no
ethereal wind on the ground. It is thought at present that the existence of
the stellar aberration necessitates existence of ethereal wind on the ground
if the ether is to exist. Comparison of these two experiments results in
believing that the ether does not exist. We prove that if the ether exists
the stellar aberration can occur with the ether drag and then does not
necessitate existence of the ethereal wind.
A new model in the form of undiscovered tiny particles is presented
for the ether. With accepting this model and by using the results of
the Michelson-Morley and Michelson-Gale experiments a model consisting
of an ethereal stack stuck with the earth in its motion in the space is
presented such that the earth can rotate axially inside this stack freely.
We shall also see why atomic clocks are slow when are in (fast) motion.
Category: Classical Physics
[13] viXra:0908.0062 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 13 pages
As we know probability of finding a system in one of its accessible
states is proportial to the Boltzmann factor. It is shown that contrary to
what is thought at present in this proportion the energy appearing in the
Boltzmann factor is not a variable but it is a constant and the variable is
the state accessible for the system having this constant energy. So, what
at present is accepted as Boltzmann factor is not real. Deduction of the
Maxwell velocity distribution as an instance of the consequences of the
real Boltzmann factor, and the first deduction of the relation E = hν
as an instance of the consequences of the wrong Boltzmann factor are
presented. A logical review of some of the fundamental elements of the
statistical mechanics, that also contains some new viewpoints, has been
necessary. A factor is introduced in a general expression for molar specific
heat which plays the role of partition (not equipartition) of energy and
giving suitable amounts to it all the practical cases including ones related
to ideal gases and crystalline solids are coveredν
Category: Classical Physics
[12] viXra:0908.0061 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 8 pages
It is shown that contrary to what is thought the classical physics does
not predict a uniform distribution for the magnetic dipoles (silver atoms)
in a nonuniform magnetic field in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. Its prediction
for a concentrated beam is obtained in the form of a circular surface
such that the density of the dipoles is much more near the edge than near
the center. Some experiments are proposed for testing the contents of the
article.
Category: Classical Physics
[11] viXra:0908.0060 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 4 pages
An electromagnetic wave with the wavelength λ, which has some energy,
descends on an electron and makes it move in the same direction
of propagation of the wave. The wave makes the moving electron oscillate
with a lower frequency. A very much simple analysis shows that
this moving oscillating electron radiates, in the direction making angle
θ with the direction of the incident wave, an electromagnetic wave which
its wavelength is bigger by a factor proportional to λ(1 - cosθ).
Category: Classical Physics
[10] viXra:0908.0059 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 6 pages
Radiation energy causes fluctuation of the molecules in vanes of the
Crooks radiometer. Through this fluctuation the molecules of the vanes
strike the adjacent air molecules and as reaction cause recoil of the vanes.
It seems that this is also the mechanism of Nichols radiometer.
Category: Classical Physics
[9] viXra:0908.0058 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 6 pages
Conductive core of the earth is as hot as causing freedom of the valence
electrons after which these released electrons distribute themselves toward
the core surface and move along with the rotation of the earth causing
that magnetic field which forms the big magnet inside the earth. This is
the summary of the article which also includes presentation of some experiments
for testing the validity of the presented theory and a conclusion
justifying the magnetic inversions of the earth. Based on the presented
discussions a practical way for direct determination of ionization energies
of different elements is proposed.
Category: Classical Physics
[8] viXra:0908.0057 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 8 pages
Action mechanism of a conductor is presented in a simple manner. It
is proven that this is not the charges themselves that are distributed in
the conductor but their substitutes do this act. Also we conclude that
probably the electron doesn't have a size so small compared with the
dimensions of a molecule. In a discussion relating directly to the subject
of surface tension we see why a net negative charge in a conductor cannot
leave it.
Category: Classical Physics
[7] viXra:0908.0056 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 20 pages
A perfect comparison between a closed circuit of water current and a
closed circuit of electric current is made and Ohm's law is obtained in this
manner and it is shown that, contrary to the current belief, existence of
conduction current is not because of the existence of any electric field in
the conductor, and the linear relation J = gE cannot be valid. The relaxation
time (necessary for the current to reach its final speed) and the final
speed (drift velocity) of the current are obtained in the above-mentioned
manner, and it is shown that, contrary to what is believed at present, both
of them are independent of the chosen standard unit charge (eg electron
charge or coulomb) and its mass. It is also shown that, contrary to the
current belief, alternating current is steady. We also prove the existence
of a kind of resistance arising from the configuration of the circuit. Action
mechanism of transistor is explained and a hydrodynamical analogue for
it is introduced: both confirming the material presented earlier.
Category: Classical Physics
[6] viXra:0908.0055 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 7 pages
It is shown that as Newton's third law holds in static discussions of
Electromagnetism it holds also in dynamic discussions of it, ie where
the motion of electric charge in the magnetic field arising from the
magnetic static (or magnetostatic) poles is under consideration. In
addition, it is shown that in this recent case the forces of action and
reaction are not collinear. In other words as we know there is some
force exerted on a current-carrying wire in the magnetic field of a
magnet. It is shown that this magnet is in fact the same enlarged
magnetic needle in Oersted's experiment, and then there exists also
some force exerted on the magnet due to the electric current in the
wire. These two action and reaction forces are in opposite directions
but are not collinear.
Category: Classical Physics
[5] viXra:0908.0054 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 9 pages
Density of lines of the magnetodynamic field arising from two parallel
currents is more in the regions out of the distance between the
two wires and then the molecular magnetic dipoles of air are pulled toward
these regions and create a bigger pressure there which causes the
two wires to be pushed (or to be attracted) toward each other. A similar
reasoning applied conversely to two antiparallel currents justifies
their repulsion arising from the created air pressure difference. Thus,
most probably, railgun will not work very well in the absence of the air.
Category: Classical Physics
[4] viXra:0908.0053 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2009
Authors: Hamid V. Ansari
Comments: 32 pages
We consider point magnetic charges as the sources of the magnetostatic fields, like the
point electric charges for the electrostatic fields. Forms of the mutual effects of
electric and magnetic charges on themselves and on each other are presented in the
forms of vectorial relations. Using these relations incorrectness of a usual manner
which eventually leads to the deviation from the classical physics and to the rejection
of the Galilean transformations and to the resort to the special relativity is proven.
Static potential energy of a distribution of electric and magnetic charges is presented
with a careful view on the actual essence of each involved term; this itself shows a
sample of the usual carelessness existing in the present current electromagnetic theory
even in its static discussions. Almost all the fundamental relations in the present
current electromagnetic theory are rewritten in new forms by using the fundamental
vectorial relations presented at the beginning of the paper. In a more detailed argument
the proportion of the curl of the dynamic field of one kind (ie magnetodynamic or
electrodynamic) to the time derivative of the static field of the other kind (ie
electrostatic or magnetostatic) is established; meanwhile the proportion of the current
density of one kind to the time derivative of the field of the same kind is also shown.
Lenz's law is obtained in its new form. Static and dynamic inductances are presented.
By presenting an aspect which views the space full of much tiny electrostatic and
magnetostatic dipoles, the possibility of the proportion of the static fields to the
dynamic fields is shown.
The way in which the electromagnetic wave propagates through these dipoles is easily
explained by using the mentioned fundamental relations, and by obtaining the new form
of Maxwell's equations and deducing the wave equations from them, this simple explanation
is endorsed. By deducing the dynamic potential energy and explaining its difference with
the static potential energy of a set of charges, the Poynting vector is obtained in its
new form. It is shown that the fields of an electromagnetic wave are continuous across
the boundary interfaces. Fresnel coefficients are obtained in their quite new forms,
and it is explained that the coefficient appearing in the fundamental relations showing
the relations between two electric and magnetic charges moving relative to each other,
μ, must be construed as a world constant. The reflectance and transmittance are
introduced in this new approach, and it is shown that sum of them is identical with one.
Category: Classical Physics
[3] viXra:0908.0035 [pdf] submitted on 9 Aug 2009
Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments: 2 pages
In the article the concept of a gravitational equivalent electrostatic and gravidynamic of
interplay is entered.
Category: Classical Physics
[2] viXra:0908.0013 [pdf] submitted on 3 Aug 2009
Authors: António Saraiva
Comments: 3 pages
Everything is made of speed and distance.
Category: Classical Physics
[1] viXra:0908.0012 [pdf] submitted on 3 Aug 2009
Authors: António Saraiva
Comments: 3 pages
There's only one force, the electric one that can be expressed by only one
formula.
Category: Classical Physics