Astrophysics

1806 Submissions

[33] viXra:1806.0472 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-26 06:26:55

Paths in the Universe

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 37 Pages.

If you want to explain how the Universe works, it is necessary to know how the clusters of matter that originate the galaxies and the clusters of galaxies that originate the large-scale geometry of the Universe are formed. On the other hand, it is also necessary to know the mechanisms by which galaxies evolve and interact among them, and also, what the process for mater aggregation are. Finally, it is also necessary, therefore, an explanation of dark matter in terms of properties and not its composition, since it is a majority part of the matter of the Universe. A series of mechanisms and numerical models are established, which explain all this. This Article serie called “PATHS IN THE UNIVERSE”, have 3 titles: - Matter dynamic in the Universe. - New models about Expansion of the Universe. - Navier Stokes equations in the Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[32] viXra:1806.0443 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-31 12:36:58

The Black Hole With A Finite-Size Nucleus Based On The Energy Conservation, Coulomb's Interaction, And Strong Interaction

Authors: Ting-Hang Pei
Comments: 9 Pages.

From analysis of the light geodesic along the radial direction, an infinite time for light passing through the event horizon of the black hole seems to be an unreasonable physical solution. The same situation is also for the massive particle. To compress all particles to a singularity also causes another energy conservation problem because the black hole is evolutional from a star which has finite mass or energy. A discussed case about shrinking 2x10^30 Coulomb electrons into a sphere with the radius less than 1 m is theoretically impossible and it also reveals that the singularity in the black hole is physically unreasonable due to finite energy in the universe. From the viewpoint of the gravitation self-energy, we also deduce that the black hole must have a finite-size nucleus. Then the black hole with finite-size nucleus is proposed and satisfies the gravitational criteria of the black hole. According to the successful theorem of the asymptotic freedom in the strong interaction, several possible structure models are considered in the high-density quark matter phases. Next, using the Kerr-Newman metric, light propagating along the radial direction demonstrates finite speed forwardly and backwardly at any position larger than the Schwarzschild radius, and no mathematical singularity at r=0 and θ=π/2. This fact reveals that light can propagate from the outer space into a black hole and vice versa. The proposed structure model for the black hole is either rotational or charged and its nucleus can have strong magnetic dipole that causes the relativistically charged mass ejection from the black hole as the observation in GRS 1915+105 and Galaxy M87. In thermal equilibrium, the nucleus of the black hole should have temperature higher than the average universe temperature. The entropy increases and the second law of thermodynamics should be still useful.
Category: Astrophysics

[31] viXra:1806.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 15:06:46

The Variable Rate of Mass Loss Principle of Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page. 2 references

A new principle of stellar metamorphosis is introduced to clarify the star sciences even more period. Stars lose mass at variable rates throughout their metamorphosis.
Category: Astrophysics

[30] viXra:1806.0433 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-15 18:51:31

A Potential Way to Unify Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Roberto Napolitano
Comments: 254 Pages. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/kd7by

In the present work, by moving from the assumption that the Sun (and all the massive bodies) produces, starting from a certain distance from it, attractive and repulsive gravitational forces at the same time, giving life to the movement of the planets around the Sun according to the same principle of pendulum, I managed to derive a perihelion precession formula, a black hole radius formula and, above all, a formula of atomic nuclear radius, which was missing until now, all in excellent agreement with the observation and in a completely independent way of the Einstein’s theory of relativity. I have also shown that the nuclear radius formula can also be successfully used to predict the radius of neutron stars. Moreover I have found — always through the same principles that allowed me to achieve the above results, in particular through the modification of the Newtonian gravitational potential, in turn due to the different modus-operandi of gravity force — a formula of the non-decreasing orbital velocity of galactic stars, without considering dark matter. Then I have demonstrated the black hole is composed only of protons, and that it’s similar to the nucleus of the atom and, analogously, the galaxy is similar to the atom, since the stars moving around the central nucleus in the same way as the electrons move around the atomic nucleus. I have also found another similitude among atomic nucleus, black hole and neutron stars, namely the self-orbiting phenomenon existing in all the cases. From the mathematical findings obtained in the present work it has also emerged the existence, both at the microscopic and the macroscopic level, of the gravito-electric force (or, if one prefers, electro-gravitational force), resulting from the fusion of the gravitational force with the electric one, working exactly in accordance with Newtonian mechanics, although modified by the introduction of a repulsive force in addition and in opposition to the attractive one, that makes us understand the universe works always in the same way, both at macroscopic and at microscopic scales. Furthermore, through the theory here proposed, it has been possible to find a theoretical foundation to the Planck constant, to derive the photon mass, as well as to prove the existence of the gravito-electric radiations. It is also emerged the existence of the universal principle of specific asymmetry between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, as a cause of nuclear energy E = Mc2. In this perspective, the present work can represent a potential unifying way between the macrocosm and microcosm mechanics.
Category: Astrophysics

[29] viXra:1806.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 22:36:39

Martian Papers 1

Authors: Greg Orme
Comments: 211 Pages.

A series of published papers on possible Martian artifacts.
Category: Astrophysics

[28] viXra:1806.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 23:19:02

Evolution of the Ring of Gravitating Bodies with and Without the Central Body and Properties of Their Chaotic Behavior

Authors: A.V. Melkikh, E.A. Melkikh, V.A. Kozhevnikov
Comments: 35 Pages.

The time dependence of distribution function for the system composed of material points having circular orbits at initial moment of time with and without massive central body is obtained. As a result of chaotization of orbits, a part of material points evaporates (acquires positive total energy). Dependence of the fraction of evaporated material points on the width of the disk, their mass and initial distance to the central body is obtained. Wherein, the maximum fraction of evaporated particles for the case with central body is equal to 0.4. Initial stage of evaporation of a ring of particles with a central body is a subdiffusion with the dependence of the mean square bias on time =Kαt^α, where α = 0.27. For the case without a central body, the fraction of evaporated particles is obtained as a function of the number of particles in the ring and virial ratios. The dependence of the fraction of particle pairs leaving the system on the number of particles in the ring is obtained. The average fraction of pairs for the virial ratio K = -U turned out to be 0.2. Power spectra characterizing the evaporation of particles, approximated by a power-law dependence on frequency, are obtained.
Category: Astrophysics

[27] viXra:1806.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 04:41:12

Size of Neutron Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Astrophysicists at the Goethe University Frankfurt and the FIAS have now succeeded in determining the size of neutron stars to within 1.5 kilometres by using an elaborate statistical approach supported by data from the measurement of gravitational waves. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14]
Category: Astrophysics

[26] viXra:1806.0389 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 05:16:45

Residual Annual and Diurnal Periodicities of the Pioneer 10 Acceleration Term Resolved in Absolute CMB Rest Frame

Authors: Roland Pabisch
Comments: 6 Pages.

The phenomenon of the residual, so far unexplained annual and diurnal tracking signal variations on top of the constant acceleration term Anderson & Laing & Lau & et al. (2002), is resolved by applying the general, classical Doppler formula (CMB-Doppler formula) of first order for two-way radio Doppler signals in the fundamental rest frame of the isotropic cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) between earthbound Deep Space Network stations (DSN), and the Pioneer 10 space probe (P 10). The anomalous annual and diurnal variations of the constant acceleration term vanish, if instead of the relativistic Standard-Doppler formula (SRT-Doppler formula) of first and second order the CMB-Doppler formula is used. That formula contains the absolute velocities ue of Earth, and upio of P 10, derived from the absolute velocity usun of the solar system barycenter in the CMB, with usun = 369.0 ± 0.9 km/s, and the relative revolution velocity ve of Earth, and the relative velocity vpio of P 10 in the heliocentric frame from January 1987 until December 1996. The flyby radio Doppler and the proportional ranging data anomalies can be resolved as well by using the CMB-Doppler formula with the absolute, asymptotic velocities of the inbound and outbound flights during a gravity assist maneuver, which have usually slightly different magnitudes, inducing the so far unexplained frequency shift, and the unexplained difference in the ranging data, although the relative velocities are equal.
Category: Astrophysics

[25] viXra:1806.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 08:49:09

A Fifth Force Vacuum Dipole Repeller, Needed to Create All Attraction Forces Even Around Black Holes in Quantum FFF Theory.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 17 Pages.

Quantum FFF ( Function Follows Form) theory is a Rigid String Theory which states, that there are no singular string based attraction forces. The vacuum is seeded with fast oscillating massless Axion/Higgs particles, oscillating along a complex chiral tetrahedral vacuum lattice, which has the ability to transfer Photon and Graviton information in wavelength bunches of oscillations, through the vacuum lattice with the local (mass related) speed of light and the origin of the so called Dark Energy observed e.g. in the Casimir effect. As a consequence there are no singular attraction forces on rigid stringy knots of propeller shaped Fermions. Only the sum of the different kinds of vacuum impulses with the local vacuum oscillation spectrum coming from all directions on Fermions are responsible for all energetic phenomena in the universe. At the same time we may call this force a fifth force as it opposes and interacts or compensates all Photon/Gluon pressure effects on fermions in the universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[24] viXra:1806.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 11:19:37

Fundamental Connection Between the Planck and Hubble Constants (Eng)

Authors: Nikitin A P
Comments: 8 Pages.

This article claims that there is a fundamental relationship between the basic constant of the quantum theory - the Planck constant h and the basic constant of astrophysics the Hubble constant H, which states the material and energy unity of our world.
Category: Astrophysics

[23] viXra:1806.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 07:16:18

The Milky Way and the Electron

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 1 Page.

In our galaxy (the Milky Way) the Sun is at a distance of 8,5kpc from the centre and should have a rotation speed of 160 km/s, if it were due only to baryonic matter, that is that of the stars and of all visible matter. But we know that, on the contrary, the Sun speed is 220 km/s. So we have a discrepancy Δv of 60 km/s: (Δv=220-160=60 km/s). The laws about such discrepancies are astonishing, as we will see.
Category: Astrophysics

[22] viXra:1806.0357 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-05 06:49:32

Neutron New Model

Authors: Antonio Puccini
Comments: 35 Pages.

Initially the neutron (N) was considered made by the very close union of a proton (P) and an electron (e), i.e. a doublet:〔P, e〕. This is the electron capture process, which involves also an electronic neutrino (e): e+ P  N + e. This neutronization reaction occurs continuously in reality: in the Neutron Stars, or in the stellar and explosive nucleosynthesis, creating all the elements of the Periodic Table. Later it was found that some principles of Quantum Mechanics did not allow the presence of e in the nucleus, since e acquiring an energy of ~140 MeV immediately goes away. However, it was not considered that the electron capture occurs just because the e involved is provided with a relativistic energy: ~200 MeV. This explains why this bond lasts for hundreds of millions of years, as in the Neutron Stars. Then it emerged that the Spin Statistics categorically imposed that the N was a fermion, rather than a boson (if it was a doublet). However, if we considered the N as a multiplet, made of 3 particles with half-integer spin, the N would continue to be a fermion safeguarding, likewise, the Spin Statistics and making exhaustive and much more congruous the electron capture equation. It is therefore necessary to integrate the photoannihilation processes (γe+ῡe) to the neutronization, so that: e+P+γe+P+ῡe+eN+e; as we can see, N is equivalent to the multiplet [e, P, ῡe]. However, the N decay (N P+e+ῡe) is energetically unbalanced, since the mass of a ῡe is  5.8eV, against an energy gap between 0.7828-0.511MeV. The only possible solution to solve this striking mass gap problem could be given by a possible neutral electron (e°), or rather its anti-particle: the ē°. Thus the N multiplet (or neutral compound P) would be balanced too: N = [e, P, ē°].
Category: Astrophysics

[21] viXra:1806.0341 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-27 23:24:00

Holographic Permanent Cosmology in Quantized Absolute Space-Time

Authors: F. M. Sanchez, V.A. Kotov, M. Grosmann
Comments: 6 Pages.

Using the electron wavelength as unity, and writing the Large Number Correlation in a micro-macro-physics symmetric way, this leads to the Topological Axis, showing the string characteristic series n = 2 + 4p exhibiting the Cartan-Bott periodicity connecting gauge bosons. This permits to observe very precise (10^-6) relations involving basic free-parameters of Particle Physics, tied to the Kotov's period. The associated time to the point n = 30 is observed to be directly obtained by two different mandatory methods, and is directly related to the Kotov's period and the Monster order. This time 5.48 × 10^57 s could be a large cosmic period. This lacking point n = 30 would correspond to a symmetry between a holon, a gauge boson with the Universe mass, and the Holographic Grandcosmos: string theory could be revisited on this basis with a quantified time 10^61 smaller than the Planck time. The Holic Principle, the arithmetical form of Holography, applies to cosmology. This means the ultimate physics laws are arithmetic, in a quantized absolute Space-Time, where the reshift period 72 km/s takes a central place.
Category: Astrophysics

[20] viXra:1806.0329 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-05 07:31:11

Is a Black hole a Neutron star?

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 5 Pages.

The connection between a Black hole and a Neutron star is shown. I postulate that both bodies have the same physical structure, namely, the nucleons of both bodies are so packed that their densities are the maximum possible in the Universe. It is interesting to note that the density of the nucleus of the atom has the same structure and the same density. Neutron stars have been observed in the Universe, whereas Black holes were not. The existence of Black holes is deduced from observing motion of stars around an invisible object that has a huge mass. I postulate that the reason why a Neutron star is visible whereas a Black hole is not, is the ratio between the physical radius of the body and its Schwarzschild radius.
Category: Astrophysics

[19] viXra:1806.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 05:42:11

Neutron Star Mergers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13]
Category: Astrophysics

[18] viXra:1806.0298 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 09:45:10

Expanding Earth, by Growing Water based Crashed Comet core.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 33 Pages.

According to Quantum FFF Theory, Electric dark matter black holes, even in the form of microscopic, produced by magnetic quantum interference, produce plasma and water and are proliferated through stellar systems, such as unstable Ball Lightning up to stable Comets and Sunspots (crashed Comets). As a consequence, crashed comets in the earth are responsible for the volcanism and the base for so called “growing Earth” by its growing compressed water core, as a base for quarks and as such H2 and O and more complex atoms. Comet 67P CG, (Churyumov-Gerasimenko) seems to be a unique test bed for this theory. Recent measurements and photos are already suggesting that a large variety of atoms are ejected by the Comet and surface changes seem to be the origin of local crack shaped colour changes. The magnetic field of the comet seems to ring or sing 3 times every minute by the internal tectonic shocks. The dusty jets observed from the so called “Neck” of the comet seem to be a sign for a central Birkeland Alfven current circuit effect on dust acceleration and violating the solar heat erosion theory. If sunspots are former comet nuclei splashed into the sun, than we may assume that sunspots are also the creators of new solar plasma. Secondly, if Comet nuclei can survive the sun they also must be able to survive the crash into planets like earth or moons. As a consequence we may assume that all energetic and plasma (new matter) related production processes found around planets and moons could be based on the same process. Examples are found in the water vapor plumes of geysers observed on Jupiters moon Europa. Recent findings of water inclusions in volcanic diamonds are an extra support. The peculiar shape of the continents on earth has been a constant reason for discussion of the origin of the expanding earth. If these crashed comets also act as gravity point sources, then even the so called Flyby anomaly and the P-wave anomaly could be explained
Category: Astrophysics

[17] viXra:1806.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 07:38:58

Dark Matter with Radio Pulsars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, have proposed a new experiment that makes use of super-dense stars to learn more about the interaction of dark matter with standard matter. [29] CfA astronomer Qirong Zhu led a group of four scientists investigating the possibility that today's dark matter is composed of primordial black holes, following up on previously published suggestions. If galaxy halos are made of black holes, they should have a different density distribution than halos made of exotic particles. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] " We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit. " [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22]
Category: Astrophysics

[16] viXra:1806.0243 [pdf] replaced on 2018-08-05 15:54:58

Reinterpretation of the Robertson-Walker Metric, the Shapes of the Cosmos, and the Cosmological Constant

Authors: Ru-Jiao Zhang
Comments: 9 Pages. Correct some typing errors in abstract.

The Robertson-Walker metric has been recognized for describing the global space-time Universe which could be one of the three models: flat ( = 0), closed ( = +1) or open ( = −1). This paper reinterprets the Robertson-Walker metric, which actually describe the geometrical shapes of the global space-time Universe and two local space-time, which explains why galaxies are disk shaped. The global space-time is the “infinite” hyper-sphere of the Universe without boundary (open sphere). The two forms of local space-time caused by the agglomeration of matter into stars and stellar systems, which appeared as sphere (or ellipsoid) and flat. The shapes of spheres range from small elementary particles in quantum physics to planets, stars and giant objects such as globular nebulae in cosmological physics. The flat shapes are disk like galaxies, and the solar system in its infancy, etc. In last chapter, the cosmological constant was derived from the volume of the five dimension hyper-sphere. The cosmological constant is relevant with the Gaussian curvature 1/R^2 of the Universe. The theoretical value of the cosmological constant is: = 5(Ho)^2/2πc^2 .
Category: Astrophysics

[15] viXra:1806.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 15:23:09

Uranus Position In The Sky

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

Uranus and Neptune are perpendicular on Saturn level i.e. Saturn Orbital Distance locates at horizontal level with all planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) – let's call it (Saturn level) Uranus and Neptune are on vertical level related to Saturn level - let's call it ( Uranus level) So Uranus level is perpendicular on Saturn level
Category: Astrophysics

[14] viXra:1806.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 02:12:20

The Sun Data shows Relativistic Effects (revised)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 47 Pages.

Abstract -The Sun Data shows Relativistic Effects. i.e. -There's a physical point in the solar group moves with c velocity relative to another physical point in the solar group. and this high velocity causes the relativistic effects which are observed and recorded in this paper -The Solar Planets Data Analysis shows that, Mars Original Orbital Distance was = 84 million km. but because of the relativistic effects, Mars had to immigrate from his original point to his new point at orbital distance = 227.9 million km. -This paper provide analyzed data and explanations to prove these 2 facts which are: 1.There's motion with c velocity inside the solar group 2.Mars immigrated from his original point at orbital distance 84 million km to his new orbital distance 227.9 million km
Category: Astrophysics

[13] viXra:1806.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 20:36:01

Ganymede on the Wolynski-Taylor Diagram: No Life Now or in the Past

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages. 1 diagram

Ganymede is a unique remnant. The variables need to be worked out more in depth. It is proposed as a challenge for future developers of stellar metamorphosis to figure out if life formed on Ganymede based on first principles, or even principles that have yet to be discovered. It is suggested to follow the work of Daniel Archer and Jeremy L. England to further refine these conclusions. It is important to write about these matters, because as of 2018 there exists not a single theory that comes close to explaining how and why life should form on evolving stars, except for GTSM. I place Ganymede as moving too quickly to ocean world stages.
Category: Astrophysics

[12] viXra:1806.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 12:11:23

Earth Motion Produces the Moon Orbit

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 28 Pages.

Abstract Earth Motion Energy produces the Moon Orbit based on The relativistic Motion Example for Explanation: In Lorentz Length contraction Equation If -Lo = Earth Daily Motion = 2.58 million -v= 0.99 c (Earth hidden velocity- Hypothesis) -L = 363000 km (the distance between Earth and moon at Perigee Point) -Lo= 7.09 L That means Earth Energy Motion moves toward the moon and builds the moon orbit by this Energy (that proves Earth has a hidden velocity =0.99c) The Basic Concept The Solar Group is consisted of one unified Energy, which passes and transports from point to another through the solar group This unified Energy creates the solar planets matters, orbital distances and motions Means the whole group is connected together by the same line of Energy, that's why we should consider the solar group as one body So if the moon orbit is built by Earth motion energy (as we'll study in this paper) That will be an example for the whole solar group, the solar group can be similar to a river has many canals, each canal effects on the others also the solar group can be similar to group of gears, each gear effects on the others motions, In Brief I claim, The Solar groups is an integrated and cooperated system The components of this system are created by an unified Energy, where this same unified Energy is transported from point to another through the solar group to cause the creation and motion of all these components and no solar component is found out of this Energy (Solar components means the solar planets masses, orbital distances …and all other data)
Category: Astrophysics

[11] viXra:1806.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 00:11:50

Balloon Inside Balloon Theory.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 3 Pages. PHYSICS BEYOND STANDARD MODEL.

NEGATIVE TIME DESCRIBED BY FEYNMAN HAS A PROFOUND MEANING IN ADDITION TO ITS MATHEMATICAL TRICK EFFECT. OUR CONCEPT OF MIRROR UNIVERSES PUBLISHED BY ME IN YEAR 2002 AS A COMMENT IN ASTRONOMY .NET IS BECOMING RELEVANT DAY BY DAY.
Category: Astrophysics

[10] viXra:1806.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 08:06:19

Neutron Stars Quark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[9] viXra:1806.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 05:51:05

Dark Matter Fusion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Fusion may have a dark side. A shadowy hypothetical process called “dark fusion” could be occurring throughout the cosmos, a new study suggests. [28] A recent astronomical observation that the ordinary matter in the early universe was much cooler than expected could be explained if a small proportion of dark matter has a tiny electric charge. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] “We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit.” [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter—the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:1806.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 04:43:09

Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem, Gravitational Collapse and the Virial Theorem: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics

Authors: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Comments: 3 Pages.

Application of the virial theorem, when combined with results from the kinetic theory of gases, has been linked to gravitational collapse when the mass of the resulting assembly is greater than the Jeans mass, MJ. While the arguments appear straightforward, the incorporation of temperature into these equations, using kinetic theory, results in a conflict with the laws of thermodynamics. Temperature must always be viewed as an intensive property. However, it is readily demonstrated that this condition is violated when the gravitational collapse of a free gas is considered using these approaches. The result implies star formation cannot be based on the collapse of a self-gravitating gaseous mass.
Category: Astrophysics

[7] viXra:1806.0068 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-08 03:51:48

Primordial Electric Dark Matter Black Holes Outside Galaxies Responsible for the Creation and Contraction of a Cyclic Multi-Universe.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 30 Pages.

For years, Stephen Hawking (and Hartle) has been applying the No Boundary Proposal,or the idea that the universe is “closed“and can have a beginning, and an end, however still exist forever.I will call this aclosed cyclic universe and for symmetry reasons a cyclic entangled raspberry shaped multiverse based on my proposal for the Quantum Function Follows Form (FFF)model.The Form and Microstructure of elementary particles, is supposed to be the origin of Functional differences between Higgs- Graviton- Photon- and Fermion particles. As a consequence, a newparadigm splitting, accelerating and pairing massless Dark Matter Black Hole (without Graviton production) is able to convert vacuum energy (ZPE) into real energy by entropy decrease and quark electron positron production at the black hole horizon. Secondly, a Chiral dark energy Higgs vacuum lattice, is able to explain quick Gas and Dust production without large annihilation at the black hole horizon and Galaxy- and Star formation. Even microscopic black holes like Sunspots, (Micro) Comets, Lightning bolts, Sprite Fireballs and Ball Lightning seem to produce gas.However only the largest Primordial Galaxy Anchor Black Holes (GABHs) located far outside galaxies, are supposed to stop gas and dust production and by merging with other black holes theyshould be the ultimate origin of universal contractioninto a Big Crunch and a cyclic multiverse.The Hubble redshift, in contrast with the mainstream, is supposed to originate local vacuum lattice dilution created by local dark matter black holes.All black holes eat the Higgs vacuum latticewith a local Planck length extension-as the result and the base for frequency decrease of a passing photon.As a result, GABHs are only observable by their background lensing effect and as quasi-soft x-ray sources,to be found in particulararound merger galaxies, due to swirling gas and dust expelled from the galaxies.. (1) Primordial Electric Dark Matter Black Holes outside Galaxies responsible for the creation and contraction of a Cyclic Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[6] viXra:1806.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 09:35:07

Galaxy Clusters Upend Einstein

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

It will be possible to use new astronomical mappings of hundreds of thousands of cosmic voids and galaxy clusters to test Einstein's theory of relativity by looking for small deviations in gravity at vast distances – a possible explanation for the dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe. [30] By comparing different types of remote atomic clocks, physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have performed the most accurate test ever of a key principle underlying Albert Einstein's famous theory of general relativity, which describes how gravity relates to space and time. [29] "As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

[5] viXra:1806.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-09 00:00:55

Some Parameters of 4D Matter

Authors: Valery P. Skorobogatov
Comments: 8 Pages. some corrections are used

Certain corrections to the parameters of 4D matter that was given earlier are obtained by other method. Also, a procedure for calculation of a planet’s distance from the sun is proposed, and it in several cases it corresponds well with observations.
Category: Astrophysics

[4] viXra:1806.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 00:54:14

Documentation of the Solar Activity Variations and It's Influence on Climate

Authors: Dimitris Poulos
Comments: 5 Pages. Global Journal of Physics

The four planets that influence the most the solar surface through tidal forcing seem to affect the Earth climate. A simple two cosine model with periods 251 years, of the seasonality of the Earth – Venus syzygies, and 265.4 years, of the combined syzygies of Jupiter and Mercury with Earth when Earth is in syn od with Venus, fits well the Northern Hemisphere temperatures of the last 1000 years as reconstructed by Jones et al (1998). The physical mechanism proposed is that planetary gravitational forces drive solar activity that in turn drives temperature variations in earth. The sun is in a boundary balance state at one hand collapsing due to gravity and at the other hand expanding due to fus ion, and as such it should be heavily influenced by minimal external forcings such as planetary gravity. Sound waves in the solar mass, created from the planetary movement, are responsible for the formation of solar corona and sun spots. The Earth-Venus 251 year resonance is resonant to a near surface solar layer's thermal natural frequency that “e xplodes” to form solar wind. The calculated solar wind properties match the observed.
Category: Astrophysics

[3] viXra:1806.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 00:57:28

A Note on the Solar Activity and Solar Wind Mechanisms and an Answer to the Critique that Tidal Forces from Orbiting Planets Are Very Weak to Produce Any Visible Effect to Sun

Authors: Dimitris Poulos
Comments: 1 Page.

Tidal forcing of the solar atmosphere and the solar activity variability it produces, isn’t in fact a high scale phenomenon. The solar temperature varies by some 6000 K at surface to some millions K at core. So if only you dig into some kilometers into the ultra low density gas solar atmosphere by tidal perturbation, you can have some 1000 K increase in temperature. This is not a high scale phenomenon. It is only perceived as high scale because it influences our lives.
Category: Astrophysics

[2] viXra:1806.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 08:14:18

Solar Wind Boundary

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

NASA has selected a science mission planned for launch in 2024 that will sample, analyze, and map particles streaming to Earth from the edges of interstellar space. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[1] viXra:1806.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 11:45:07

The Dimensionless Quantity Connecting Sun-like Stars to Red Dwarfs on a Mass-Radii Diagram: The Cassandra Ratio

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 6 Pages. 2 graphs, 1 data set, 1 picture

It is presented a dimensionless quantity that predicts the radii of G, K and M type stars between 1/2 and 1 Solar mass. That quantity is 9.6/1000, or ~1/100. So if you have a G, K or M type star with the radii of 5-10 Jupiters, you can multiply that radii by 100 to find its mass in Jupiter masses. The dimensionless quantity and graph shows that the Sun will not become a red giant, it will lose its size due to mass loss via the mass loss principle at a rate of ~1/100 per unit mass. Data is taken from the Kepler data set and is listed, as well as a line of best fit on the graph. The line on the graph is the location of the Cassandra Ratio.
Category: Astrophysics