[6] viXra:1008.0092 [pdf] submitted on 11 Aug 2010
Authors: Nainan K. Varghese
Comments: 24 pages, Originally published in General Science Journal
Present explanations on mechanism of tides are based either on centrifugal action or
on gravitational attraction. Centrifugal force (due to motion of a body in circular path), used in
analytical solutions, is an imaginary effort. Explanations, based on actions by an imaginary
effort, cannot be factually correct. One of the fundamental assumptions used to derive the
equation for gravitational attraction is that whole matter content (mass) of each body is
concentrated at its centre. This makes it illogical to assume that different parts of same body
have different magnitudes of gravitational attraction towards another body. Therefore,
explanations on tides, based on differences in gravitational attractions on different parts of
bodies, are perversions of present theory on gravitational attraction. Apparent orbital motion
of a body about epicentre of a system is also used in some explanations. In nature, no free
body can orbit around another moving body [3] in geometrically closed path. Orbital path of
earth about the sun (or that of moon about earth) is not circular or elliptical around a central
body but it zigzags about sun's (earth's) median path in space. Hence, an explanation based on
revolution of earth around an epicentre is pure imagination. According to current rules of
dynamics, more than one external linear effort on a rigid body can produce only one resultant
linear motion. Yet, earth experiences distinctly separate sets of tides from central forces
towards moon and sun. Only logical reason for lunar tides to be greater than solar tides is that
the central force between earth and moon is greater than that between earth and sun. This
cannot be substantiated by current gravitational laws.
This article attempts to give a simple and logical explanation to tidal mechanism, based on a
radically different dynamics, put forward in 'Hypothesis on MATTER [1]. Tides are caused
by (accelerating) actions of external efforts on a linearly moving spinning-body. Each external
effort alters shape of the spinning body, separately, to produce its own set of tides. Change in
the shape of a spinning body, rather than displacement of its parts, cause tides. Absolute linear
motion of the spinning body shifts zenith points of tides from local meridians facing the sun
(or moon) and on opposite side. Orbital motion of a spinning body enhances deflection of
tides from local meridian. Displacement of ocean water in the direction of moving tide is
superficial and it cannot produce tidal drag on earth's solid core body.
Category: Astrophysics
[5] viXra:1008.0076 [pdf] replaced on 30 Aug 2010
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 7 Pages
In this note, we describe shortly time varying Sun-Earth distance in the light of Carmeli
metric and compare the result with recent astrometric data. The graphical plot suggests
that there should be linear-linear correspondence between Sun-planets distances and their
time variation.
Category: Astrophysics
[4] viXra:1008.0074 [pdf] submitted on 26 Aug 2010
Authors: Lyndon Ashmore
Comments: 7 Pages
A review of the literature on the Lyman alpha forest gives direct evidence on the dynamics of the
universe. In an expanding universe one would expect the average temperature of the universe to fall
as it expands - but a review of the Doppler parameters of the Hydrogen clouds in Quasar spectra
shows that contrary to this, they are increasing in temperature (or at least, becoming increasingly
disturbed) as the universe ages. Addition-ally, in an expanding universe, hydrogen clouds must become
further apart with time, so, as redshift increases, the clouds would be closer together. Instead,
the evidence is that, on average, they are evenly spaced up to a redshift of one - if not beyond.
How can this be so if the universe is expanding? Especially since this range of redshifts includes
the supernovae data used to show 'acceleration' and so called 'time dilation.' Taking these results
in isolation implies that the universe has been static for at least the last billion years or so
and therefore a new model of redshift is needed to explain redshifts in a static universe.
The model proposed here is that in a static universe, photons of light from distant galaxies are
absorbed and reemitted by electrons in the plasma of intergalactic space and on each interaction
the electron recoils. Energy is lost to the recoiling electron (New Tired Light theory) and thus
the reemitted photon has less energy, a reduced frequency and therefore an increased wavelength.
It has been redshifted. The Hubble relationship be-comes 'photons of light from a galaxy twice as
far away, make twice as many interactions with the electrons in the plasma of IG space, lose twice
as much energy and undergo twice the redshift.' A relationship between redshift and distance is
found and, using published values of collision cross-sections and number density of electrons in
IG space, a value for the Hubble constant is derived which is in good agreement with measured
values. Assuming that the energy transferred to the recoiling electron is emitted as secondary
radiation; the wavelength is calculated and found to be consistent with the wavelengths of the CMB.
On the basis that plasma clouds result in periodicity or 'quantised' galaxy redshifts it is shown
that the average spacing between hydrogen clouds (z = 0.026) compares favourably with an average
spacing between galaxy clusters (z = 0.023). A test of this theory in the laboratory is proposed
whereby a high powered laser could be fired through sparse cold plasma and the theories predicted
increase in emission of microwave radiation of a particular frequency determined.
Category: Astrophysics
[3] viXra:1008.0073 [pdf] submitted on 26 Aug 2010
Authors: Lyndon Ashmore
Comments: 8 Pages
The Hubble diagram for type Ia Supernovae gives the value of the Hubble constant, H as 64±3 km/s Mpc-1 which,
in SI units, is equal to 'hre/me per unit volume of space'
(2.1x10-18 s-1). This coincidence could suggest a
relationship between H and the electrons in the plasma of intergalactic space that act collectively and
oscillate if displaced. The possibility that light from distant galaxies is absorbed and reemitted by the
electrons is considered with the electron recoiling on both occasions. A double Mössbauer effect leads to a
redshift in the transmitted light. Introduction of the photoabsorption cross section 2reλ leads to the
relationship H = 2nehre/me giving H = 12 km/s Mpc-1 when ne has
the reported value of
ne ~ 10-7cm-3. The small
amount of energy transferred to the electron by recoil is radiated as bremstrahlung with a wavelength in the
microwave region.
Category: Astrophysics
[2] viXra:1008.0029 [pdf] submitted on 11 Aug 2010
Authors: Nainan K. Varghese
Comments: 17 pages, Originally published in General Science Journal
A part of central force between planetary and central bodies cause their spin
motions. All bodies in planetary systems develop mean accelerating spin motion. Depending
on their orbital parameters, planets and central bodies may spin in forward direction, rearward
direction or, in rare cases, may have no spin motion at all. All bodies in a planetary system
tend to spin in their common orbital plane. Angular accelerations of orbiting bodies continue
indefinitely until their high spin speeds cause disintegration of planets and planetary system.
In a planetary system, consistency of body-matter and radial size of a body determine relative
spin speeds at different parts of its body. Equatorial region of all very large bodies spin faster
than their polar region or regions towards their spin-axes. Lengthening of (terrestrial) solar
days, presently misinterpreted as slowing down of earth's spin motion, is the result of
insufficient compensation to earth's apparent spin motion about the sun.
Category: Astrophysics
[1] viXra:1008.0010 [pdf] submitted on 5 Aug 2010
Authors: Nainan K. Varghese
Comments: 28 pages, Originally published in General Science Journal
In any system of bodies, relativistic considerations can provide only those
parameters of the constituent bodies, which are related to their relative positions. Use of a
reference frame, related to a static central body, causes a planetary orbit to appear as closed
geometrical figure around the central body. As the central body, itself is a moving body, this
does not reflect physical reality. Although they help to explain apparent phenomena, all
properties attributed to elliptical/circular planetary orbital path are unreal. Real physical
actions are restricted to real entities and they have to be understood with reference to an
absolute reference. Since, elliptical shape of a planetary orbit is an imaginary aspect; it has its
limitations to explain real actions in nature. Due to constant motions of free bodies in space, it
is practically impossible for a free body to orbit around another. However, they may orbit
about each other and follow a common median path in space. Mechanism of orbit-formation
and the limitations of orbiting bodies, described in this article, are based on a radically
different dynamics from an alternative concept put forward in 'Hypothesis on MATTER'. A
planet's parameters, during initial entry into its datum orbit, determine size and eccentricity of
its apparent orbit. Only those bodies, which approach the central body from the rear, on the
outer side of its curved path, through a small window in space can form stable orbits. Hence,
it is imperative that all bodies of a planetary system orbit in the same sense and are (almost) in
the same plane. Perihelion/aphelion of an orbital path could be anywhere in the orbit, but the
point at which the orbiting body has its highest/lowest linear speeds are fixed in relation to the
central body's path. All natural planets, whose perihelion are in front of their point of entry;
arrive from outside the planetary system.
Category: Astrophysics