Authors: Arturo Tozzi, James F Peters, Clifford Chafin, Domenico De Falco
The concepts of “constraints” and “virtual displacement” from analytical mechanics shed new light on the role of time and timescales in physical systems such as the Universe. We propose a covariant version of a gauge theory, in which the required global symmetry stands for the real constrained trajectories, i.e. the energetic gradient flows dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. The virtual displacements, occurring while time is held constant, stand for the local transformations acting on the system and able to “break” the symmetry. The time stands for the gauge field able to keep the Lagrangian invariant. We also provide a theoretical framework in which a topological approach to gravitational lenses is able to elucidate aspects of our theory of “time as a gauge field”. Thus, time is no longer one of the four phase space coordinates of a 4-D Riemannan Universe: it is just a gauge field superimposed to a 3-D system.
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[v1] 2016-08-31 04:45:12
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